Table 3. AMOVA analysis carried out using cytochrome C oxidase subunit I for sharks.
The numerals in bold indicate significant structuring, p values are given in brackets and n is the sample size.
| Species name | Overall ΦST | Global comparison (nested AMOVA) | Indo–Pacific vs Atlantic | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ΦST | ΦSC | ΦCT | ΦST | ΦSC | ΦCT | ||
| A. pelagicus (n = 146) | 0.211** | 0.308** | 0.218* (0.002) | 0.116** | Indo–Pacific distribution | ||
| A. superciliosus (n = 104) | −0.07 (0.882) | −0.066 (0.755) | −0.149 (0.949) | 0.072 (0.228) | −0.12 (0.735) | −0.078 (0.814) | −0.038 (0.793) |
| A. vulpinus (n = 44) | 0.513** (0.001) | 0.613** | 0.374 (0.365) | 0.382* (0.025) | 0.56** (0.001) | 0.59* (0.019) | −0.086 (0.267) |
| Ca. altimus (n = 29) | 0.714** | 0.735** | 0.787** | −0.245 (0.602) | 0.759** | 0.75* (0.003) | 0.038 (0.297) |
| Ca. amblyrhynchoides (n = 32) | 0.024 (0.296) | −0.105 (0.875) | 0.303 (0.144) | 0.152 (0.728) | Indo–west Pacific distribution | ||
| Ca. amboinensis (n = 72) | 0.018 (0.601) | −0.086 (0.904) | 0.065 (0.246) | 0.162 (0.888) | Indo–Pacific distribution | ||
| Ca. brevipinna (n = 132) | 0.052 (0.183) | 0.036 (0.423) | 0.124 (0.06) | 0.106 (0.807) | 0.0018 (0.537) | 0.11 (0.222) | −0.13 (0.527) |
| Ca. dussumieri (n = 24) | 0.99** | 0.99** | 0.99** | −0.388 (0.665) | Indo–Pacific distribution | ||
| Ca. falciformis (n = 116) | 0.206 (0.081) | −0.054 (0.483) | 0.247* (0.007) | ||||
| Ca. leucas (n = 66) | 0.37 (0.017) | 0.423* (0.003) | 0.398 (0.046) | 0.041 (0.279) | 0.369* (0.015) | 0.46* (0.029) | −0.17 (0.477) |
| Ca. limbatus (n = 78) | 0.244* (0.008) | 0.238* (0.02) | 0.007 (0.22) | 0.067** | 0.22* (0.046) | 0.35* (0.016) | −0.201 (0.915) |
| Ca. longimanus (n = 30) | 0.091* (0.058) | 0.163 (0.15) | −0.289 (0.497) | 0.351 (0.096) | 0.306* (0.032) | −0.175 (0.17) | 0.409** |
| Ca. macloti (n = 12) | 0.633** | 0.915** | 0.191** | 0.894** | IP | IP | IP |
| Ca. melanopterus (n = 54) | 0.408* (0.021) | 0.735** | 0.151 (0.291) | 0.692* | Indo–Pacific distribution | ||
| Ca. plumbeus (n = 48) | 0.493* | 0.601** | 0.645** | −0.122 (0.087) | 0.582** | 0.649** | −0.109 (0.791) |
| Ca. sealei (n = 18) | −0.013 (0.292) | All sequences from Indian Ocean | |||||
| Ca. sorrah (n = 124) | 0.012 (0.521) | 0.06 (0.345) | 0.007 (0.601) | 0.067** | Indo–Pacific distribution | ||
| Ca. taurus | 0.997** | 0.998** | 0.994** | 0.667 (0.105) | 0.998** | 0.993** | 0.756* (0.05) |
| Carcharodon carcharias (n = 18) | 0.379* (0.041) | 0.442* (0.026) | 0.355 (0.361) | 0.134 (0.187) | 0.342 (0.084) | 0.501* (0.027) | −0.319 (0.879) |
| Ce. maximus (n = 56) | −0.0104 (0.246) | 0.0005 (0.2250) | −0.065 (0.329) | 0.066 (0.389) | −0.013 (0.3) | −0.022 (0.31) | 0.009 (0.478) |
| Ch. griseum (n = 12) | All sequences from central Indian Ocean | ||||||
| Ch. indicum (n = 14) | All sequences from eastern Indian Ocean | ||||||
| Ch. punctatum (n = 20) | 0.206* (0.019) | All sequences from eastern Indian and south Pacific Ocean | |||||
| G. cuvier (n = 228) | 0.068** | 0.833** | 0.174* (0.006) | 0.798* (0.057) | 0.88** | 0.13* (0.009) | 0.86** |
| I. oxyrinchus (n = 140) | 0.067* | 0.0707* (0.037) | 0.112* (0.016) | −0.047 (0.698) | 0.085* | 0.076* | 0.0104 |
| I. paucus (n = 46) | 0.401** | 0.519** | 0.157 (0.163) | 0.429 (0.123) | 0.562** | 0.107 (0.213) | 0.509** |
| L. ditropis (n = 15) | North Pacific distribution | ||||||
| L. nasus (n = 81) | 0.455** | 0.427** | 0.646** | −0.621 (0.731) | All sequences from Atlantic and Pacific Ocean | ||
| N. acutidens (n = 31) | 0.568** | 0.718** | 0.714** | 0.016 (0.325) | Indo–Pacific distribution | ||
| N. brevirostris (n = 11) | 0 | Atlantic distribution | |||||
| P. glauca (n = 534) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Rhin. typus (n = 48) | −0.001 (0.935) | −0.055 (0.993) | −0.05 (0.532) | 0.0022 (0.482) | All sequences from Indo–Pacific | ||
| Rhiz. acutus (n = 78) | 0.678** | 0.818** | 0.744** | 0.286 (0.263) | Indo–west Pacific distribution | ||
| Rhiz. oligolinx (n = 15) | 0.026 (0.37) | All sequences from Atlantic Ocean | |||||
| S. laticaudus (n = 27) | −0.0105 (0.622) | All sequences from Indian Ocean | |||||
| Sp. mokarran (n = 59) | 0.084 (0.129) | 0.075 (0.153) | 0.361 (0.0156) | −0.447 (0.728) | 0.095 (0.139) | 0.24 (0.202) | −0.188 (0.704) |
| Sp. lewini (n = 323) | 0.726** | 0.80** | 0.76** | 0.207 (0.344) | 0.734** | 0.81** | −0.375 (0.678) |
| Sp. zygaena (n = 91) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| St. fasciatum (n = 26) | 0.306* (0.013) | 0.28* (0.071) | 0.466* (0.017) | −0.35 (0.495) | Indo–Pacific distribution | ||
| T. obesus (n = 53) | 0.467** | 0.654** | 0.843* (0.05) | −1.2 (0.767) | All sequences from Indo–Pacific | ||
Notes.
*
p < 0.05.
**
p < 0.001.