Table 2.

Conditions that might have contributed to placental insufficiency

	FGR + SBP (n = 12)	FGR–SBP (n = 26)	P value
Inflammatory conditions
Extreme fear	7 (58%)	15 (58%)	NS
Recent or current infection*	8 (67%)	15 (58%)	NS
Giardiasis, manifesting as lactose intolerance	6 (50%)	10 (38%)	NS
Chronic vaginal candidiasis	2 (17%)	1 (4%)	NS
Chronic sinusitis	0	2 (8%)	NS
Covid-19 infection	1 (8%)	2 (8%)	NS
Reactivated toxoplasmosis in the setting of long-term anxiety and insomnia, no signs of congenital toxoplasmosis	0	1 (4%)	NS
Recent filling and botulinum toxin with C-reactive protein levels of 10.5 mg/L	1 (8%)	0	NS
Autoantibodies	6 (50%)	10 (38%)	NS
Antinuclear antibodies	6 (50%)	7 (26%)	NS
High-titer antibodies	4 (33%)	8 (31%)	NS
Anti-thyroid peroxidase antibodies	0	2 (8%)	NS
Lupus anticoagulant (primary antiphospholipid syndrome)	0	1 (4%)	NS
Non-inflammatory conditions
Sedentary status (< 40 min per day with physical activity)	11 (92%)	22 (85%)	NS
Excessive weight gain (e.g. > 1.5 kg/4 weeks during the first half of pregnancy), a surrogate of a high-carbohydrate diet	11 (92%)	7 (27%)	< 0.01
Inherited or acquired thrombophilia	3 (25%)	2 (8%)	NS

FGR+SBI, fetal growth restriction, mothers with silicone breast implants; FGR–SBI, fetal growth restriction, mothers without silicone breast implants; NS, non-significant; *Some women had more than one infection