Table 13.
Results of MR analyses for alcohol intake on glaucoma-related traits
| MR method | IOP (mrnHg) |
mRNFL thickness (μm) |
mGCIPL thickness (μm) |
vCDR |
POAG (log odds) |
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Estimate (95% CI) | P | Estimate (95% CI) | P | Estimate (95% CI) | P | Estimate (95% CI) | P | Estimate (95% CI) | P | |
|
| ||||||||||
| Full instrument (including rs 1229984) | ||||||||||
| IVW | −0.21 (−0.69, 0.28) | 0.40 | −0.63 (−1.43, 0.18) | 0.13 | −1.52 (−2.55, −0.50) | 0.004 | 0.02 (−0.01, 0.04) | 0.22 | −0.17 (−0.51, 0.16) | 0.32 |
| Weighted median | −0.21 (−0.70, 0.29) | 0.41 | 0.11 (−0.96, 1.19) | 0.84 | −0.59 (−1.99, 0.80) | 0.41 | 0.00 (−0.05, 0.04) | 0.97 | −0.21 (−0.65, 0.23) | 0.36 |
| Weighted mode | −0.06 (−0.57, 0.45) | 0.82 | 0.11 (−1.09, 1.31) | 0.86 | −0.29 (−2.10, 1.53) | 0.76 | 0.01 (−0.04, 0.06) | 0.69 | −0.20 (−0.59, 0.19) | 0.31 |
| MR-Egger | 0.05 (−0.86, 0.96) | 0.92 | 0.17 (−1.34, 1.67) | 0.83 | 0.02 (−1.86, 1.91) | 0.98 | 0.01 (−0.04, 0.05) | 0.73 | −0.07 (−0.67, 0.53) | 0.82 |
| MR-PRESSO | −0.32 (−0.73, 0.09) | 0.13 | N/A | – | −1.53 (−2.45, −0.60) | 0.002 | N/A | – | −0.16 (−0.42, 0.11) | 0.26 |
| Multivariable MR | 0.05 (−0.27, 0.37) | 0.77 | −0.37 (−1.06, 0.33) | 0.30 | −1.05 (−2.00, −0.10) | 0.03 | 0.02 (0.00, 0.04) | 0.08 | −0.20 (−0.46, 0.07) | 0.14 |
| Restricted instrument (excluding rs 1229984) | ||||||||||
| IVW | −0.21 (−0.76, 0.35) | 0.47 | −0.98 (−1.89, −0.07) | 0.04 | −2.07 (−3.22, −0.93) | <0.001 | 0.02 (−0.01, 0.06) | 0.13 | −0.16 (−0.56, 0.24) | 0.43 |
| Weighted median | −0.16 (−0.70, 0.38) | 0.56 | −1.19 (−2.44, 0.06) | 0.06 | −2.45 (−4.09, −0.82) | 0.003 | 0.04 (−0.01, 0.09) | 0.10 | −0.25 (−0.74, 0.24) | 0.32 |
| Weighted mode | 0.51 (−0.34, 1.36) | 0.25 | −1.37 (−3.32, 0.58) | 0.17 | −2.66 (−5.48, 0.16) | 0.07 | 0.08 (0.00, 0.15) | 0.06 | −0.23 (−0.97, 0.52) | 0.55 |
| MR-Egger | 0.62 (−1.04, 2.26) | 0.46 | −0.93 (−3.54, 1.67) | 0.48 | −1.14 (−4.44, 2.13) | 0.50 | 0.05 (−0.05, 0.14) | 0.31 | 0.30 (−0.88, 1.49) | 0.62 |
| MR-PRESSO | −0.30 (−0.77, 0.16) | 0.20 | N/A | – | −2.09 (−3.11, −1.06) | <0.001 | N/A | – | −0.14 (−0.46, 0.18) | 0.40 |
| Multivariable MR | 0.12 (−0.25, 0.49) | 0.51 | −0.65 (−1.44, 0.15) | 0.11 | −1.51 (−2.61, −0.41) | 0.007 | 0.03 (0.00, 0.06) | 0.03 | −0.22 (−0.53, 0.18) | 0.18 |
Note: No estimate is generated under the MR-PRESSO method if significant outliers are not detected. Multivariable MR adjusted for genetically determined smoking initiation.
CI = confidence interval; IOP = infraocular pressure; IVW = inverse-variance weighted; mGCIPL = macular ganglion cell—inner plexiform layer; MR = Mendelian randomization; MR-PRESSO = Mendelian Randomization-Pleiotropy Residual Sum and Outlier; mRNFL = macular retinal nerve fiber layer; N/A = not applicable; POAG = primary open-angle glaucoma; vCDR = vertical cup-to-disc ratio.