Table 1.

Participants’ features at enrolment

Variables	Normal range in adults	Overall (N = 28)	Female (n = 20, 71.4%)	Male (n = 8, 28.6%)	Wilcoxon test P (female vs. male)
Age, yr		38.1 [22.5–62.3]	47.5 [22.5–62.3]	26.3 [23.6–47.6]	0.0032
Body mass index, kg/m2	18.5–24.9	25.3 [20.4–36.6]	25.5 [20.4–36.6]	24.2 [22.2–32.9]	0.71
Premenopausal female, n (%)		13 (46.4)	13 (65)	-	-
Sitting systolic blood pressure, mm Hg	<140	119 [101–141]	116 [101–139]	122 [113–141]	0.089
Sitting diastolic blood pressure, mm Hg	<90	77 [67–97]	77 [67–87]	76 [68–97]	0.74
Plasma aldosterone, pmol/la	ambulatory 30–800; supine 0– 400	270 [43–919]	267 [43–919]	301 [109–902]	0.82
Plasma renin concentration, mU/la	ambulatory 3–40; supine 2–29	17.4 [4.2–75.2]	15.4 [4.2–40.4]	18.7 [8.7–75.2]	0.18
Aldosterone/renin, pmol/mUb	<55	19 [4–91]	20 [4–91]	13 [6–33]	0.31
Plasma Na+, mmol/l	135–145	138 [134–142]	138 [134–142]	139 [135–140]	0.66
Plasma K+, mmol/l	3.5–5.2	4.3 [3.7–4.9]	4.4 [3.7–4.9]	4.3 [4.0–4.6]	0.76
Plasma Cl−, mmol/l	95–110	104 [100–109]	104 [100–109]	104 [101–106]	0.38
Plasma HCO3-, mmol/l	22–32	26 [22–30]	26 [22–30]	26 [23–28]	0.76
Anion gap, mmol/l	4–13	9.0 [3.0–12.0]	9.0 [3.0–12.0]	9.5 [6.0–11.0]	0.64
Plasma glucose, mmol/l	3.0–7.8 (fasting 3.0–6.0)	5.0 [4.4–6.6]	4.9 [4.4–6.6]	5.0 [4.4–5.5]	0.92
eGFR, ml/min per 1.73 m2	>60	103 [70–123]	88 [70–120]	113 [110–123]	0.0068
ClCr, ml/min	male 97–137; female 88–128	121 [62–172]	101 [62–147]	144 [120–172]	0.00051

Cl⁻, chloride; ClCr, creatinine clearance estimated using the Cockcroft-Gault equation; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate using the CKD-EPI (Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration) equation; HCO₃^-, bicarbonate; K⁺, potassium; Na⁺, sodium.

Data present in median [range].

^aPlasma aldosterone and renin concentration were measured in 26 participants.

^bPlasma aldosterone/renin ratio was measured in 27 participants.