Table 1.

Potential mechanism of probiotics in the treatment of respiratory and neurological diseases.

Study	Disease	Mechanisms
Abbasi-Dokht et al. (10)	Asthma	Multistrain probiotics supplement alleviates asthma symptoms via increasing Treg cells population.
Wu et al. (11)	Allergic asthma	Probiotics and prebiotics may treat allergic asthma inflammation and pneumonia induced by OVA-LPS by regulating TLR4/NF-kB signaling pathways.
Karim et al. (12)	Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease	Multistrain probiotic improves muscle strength and functional performance in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients by reducing intestinal permeability and stabilizing neuromuscular junction.
Kokubo et al. (13)	Cold	Lactococcus lactis may improve cold-like symptoms and fatigue feelings by stimulating plasmacytoid dendritic cells.
Song et al. (14)	Influenza virus	Lactobacillus rhamnosus M21 can activate humoral and cellular immune responses to increase IFN- γ And IL-2, thereby increasing the host's resistance to influenza virus infection.
Tan et al. (15)	Traumatic brain injury	Daily prophylactic administration of probiotics could attenuate the deviated Th1/Th2 response induced by severe traumatic brain injury, and could result in a decreased nosocomial infection rate.
Piletz et al. (16)	Neurological disorders	Lactobacillus rhamnosus or Lactobacillus fermentans stimulate neurite growth of SH-SY5Y through the gut-brain axis, thereby altering brain function, behavior, and mental and neurological disorders.