Table 2.
Characteristics of literatures and quality assessment.
| Study | Country | Study design | Incldued patients | Mean/ median ages | Regimens | Patients of group | Follow-up time | Jadad/ NOS score |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ivashkin et al. (22) | Russia | RCT | 200 | T: 65 (59–71) | Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus PDV 1705, Bifdobacterium bifdum PDV 0903, Bifdobacterium longum subsp. infantis PDV 1911, and Bifdobacterium longum subsp. longum PDV 2301, 4 × 109 CFU Tid | 99 | 14 days | 7 |
| C: 64 (54–70) | No probiotics received | 101 | 14 days | |||||
| Gutiérrez-Castrellón et al. (23) | Mexico | RCT | 300 | T: 34 (26–45) | Lactiplantibacillus plantarum KABP022, KABP023, KAPB033, and Pediococcus acidilactici KABP021, 2 × 109 CFU Qd | 150 | 30 days | 7 |
| C: 39 (27–49) | Placebo | 150 | 30 days | |||||
| Wang et al. (24) | China | RETRO | 58 | T: 56·32 | Live Bifidobacterium longum > 2 × 107 CFU, live Lactobacillus bulgaricus and Streptococcus thermophilus >2 × 106 CFU Tid added | 23 | 7 days | 7 |
| C: 56.32 | Standard care | 35 | 7 days | |||||
| Zhang et al. (25) | China | RETRO | 300 | T: 49 (35–60) | Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus, Enterococcus, 9 × 107CFU Bid added | 150 | 30 days | 8 |
| C: 50 (37–62) | Standard care | 150 | 30 days | |||||
| Navarro-Lopez et al. (26) | Spain | RCT | 41 | T: 48.88 ± 12.35 | Lactobacillus rhamnosus CECT 30579 1 × 109 CFU and Kluyveromyces marxianus B0399 1 × 108 CFU Qd | 26 | 30 days | 5 |
| C: 46.33 ± 10.91 | No probiotics received | 15 | 30 days | |||||
| Wischmeyer et al. (27) | U.S. | RCT | 182 | T: NA | Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG, 2 × 1011 CFU Qd | 91 | 28 days | 4 |
| C: NA | Placebo | 91 | 28 days | |||||
| Saviano et al. (28) | Rome | RCT | 80 | T: 59.2 ± 17.8 | Bifidobacterium lactis LA 304, Lactobacillus salivarius LA 302, and Lactobacillus acidophilus LA 201, 40 × 109 CFU Bid added | 40 | 10 days | 7 |
| C: 60.1 ± 15.2 | Standard care | 40 | 10 days | |||||
| Meskina et al. (29) | Russia | RCT | 100 | T: 55.5 (41–56) | Bifidobacterium bifidum 1 and Lactobacillus plantarum 8P-A3, 1.5 × 109 CFU Bid, 10 days; 3 × 108 CFU Bid, 15 days | 50 | 25 days | 6 |
| C: 48.0 (41–54) | No probiotics received | 50 | 25 days | |||||
| Maev et al. (30) | Russia | RCT | 120 | T: 42.27 ± 1.48 | Saccharomyces boulardii CNCM I-745, 10 × 109 CFU Qd added | 60 | 10 days | 3 |
| C:44.35 ± 1.40 | Standard care | 60 | 10 days | |||||
| Vaezi et al. (31) | Iran | RCT | 72 | T: 52.08 ± 16.08 | Multi-strain probiotics, 2 × 109 CFU Qd | 38 | 14 days | 6 |
| C: 51.54 ± 15.26 | Placebo | 38 | 14 days |
RCT, randomized controlled trial; RETRO, retrospective study; Qd, once a day; Bid, twice a day; Tid, three times a day; T, trial group; C, control group; CFU, colonyforming units; NOS, Newcastle–Ottawa scale; NA, no availability. U.S.:United States. Multi-strain probiotics: including Lactobacillus (L.) rhamnosus, L. helveticus, L. casei, Bifidobacterium (B.) lactis, L. acidophilus, B. breve, L. bulgaricus, B. longum, L. plantarum, B. bifidum, L. gasseri, and Streptococcus (S.) thermophilus.