Table 1.
Characteristics of 51 temporal lobe epilepsy patients*.
| Characteristics | Statistics | TLEA, n = 27 | TLEW, n = 24 | P | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age | Yrs, mean ± SD | 29.3 ± 5.7 | 31.3 ± 7.2 | 1.108 | 0.273 |
| BMI | Kg/m2, mean ± SD | 23.6 ± 1.9 | 22.3 ±2.5 | 1.093 | 0.280 |
| SAS | Mean ± SD | 60.2 ± 3.2 | 27.5 ± 3.0 | −37.581 | 0.000 |
| GAF-7 | Mean ± SD | 12.2 ± 1.5 | 2.0 ± 1.1 | −26.485 | 0.000 |
| HAMA | Mean ± SD | 22.0 ± 4.3 | 5.5 ± 1.1 | −18.422 | 0.000 |
| Gender | Female | 16 (59.2) | 10 (41.7) | 0.004 | 0.974 |
| Male | 11 (40.7) | 14 (58.3) | |||
| Marital status | Married | 17 (63.0) | 14 (58.3) | 0.114 | 0.735 |
| Unmarried or other marital status | 10 (37.0) | 10 (41.7) | |||
| Education | Primary (0–9 years) | 5 (18.5) | 8 (33.3) | 1.833 | 0.400 |
| Secondary (9–12 years) | 16 (59.3) | 13 (54.2) | |||
| Higher (12 years) | 6 (22.2) | 3 (1.3) | |||
| Employment | Employed (or student) | 14 (51.9) | 20 (83.3) | 5.667 | 0.017 |
| Unemployed | 13 (48.1) | 4 (16.7) | |||
| Working strength | Less activity (office, and so on) | 8 (29.6) | 8 (33.3) | 8.717 | 0.013 |
| Light-to-moderate activity (installers and so on) | 9 (33.3) | 15 (62.5) | |||
| Moderate or heavy activity (agriculture and so on) | 10 (37.0) | 1 (4.2) | |||
| Capital income per month (RMB) | <2,000 | 7 (25.9) | 8 (33.3) | 0.522 | 0.914 |
| 2,000–4,999 | 14 (51.9) | 12 (50) | |||
| 5,000–9,999 | 4 (14.8) | 3 (12.5) | |||
| >10,000 | 2 (7.4) | 1 (4.2) | |||
| Type of insurance | Rural cooperative medical care | 10 (37.0) | 15 (62.5) | 3.302 | 0.192 |
| Urban medical insurance | 13 (48.1) | 7 (29.2) | |||
| None | 4 (14.8) | 2 (8.3) | |||
| Distance to hospital (km) | ≥10 | 21 (77.8) | 12 (50) | 4.293 | 0.038 |
| <10 | 6 (22.2) | 12 (50) | |||
| Hospitalization frequency yearly | 0 | 4 (14.8) | 3 (12.5) | 10.135 | 0.006 |
| 1–4 | 21 (77.8) | 11 (45.8) | |||
| ≥5 | 2 (7.4) | 10 (41.7) | |||
| Medical care | Very good/good | 14 (51.9) | 18 (75) | 2.913 | 0.088 |
| Bad/no idea | 13 (48.1) | 6 (25) | |||
| Beyond annual household income** | Yes | 12 (44.4) | 15 (62.5) | 1.057 | 0.304 |
| No | 15 (55.6) | 9 (37.5) | |||
| Convenience of appointment | Yes | 16 (59.3) | 11 (45.8) | 0.919 | 0.338 |
| No/sometimes | 11 (40.7) | 13 (54.2) | |||
| Epilepsy syndrome | Symptomatic focal epilepsy | 13 (48.1) | 16 (66.7) | 1.776 | 0.183 |
| Cryptogenic generalized | 14 (51.9) | 8 (33.3) | |||
| Treatment regimen | Monotherapy | 12 (44.4) | 19 (79.2) | 6.426 | 0.011 |
| Polytherapy | 15 (55.6) | 5 (20.8) | |||
| Seizures in the past 30 days | Controlled | 11 (40.7) | 14 (58.3) | 1.574 | 0.210 |
| Uncontrolled | 16 (59.3) | 10 (41.7) | |||
| Current antiepileptic drugs | Carbamazepine | 7 | 12 | 3.150 | 0.076 |
| Oxasipine | 11 | 11 | 0.134 | 0.714 | |
| Topiramate | 8 | 6 | 0.137 | 0.712 | |
| Sodium valproate | 9 | 3 | 3.065 | 0.080 | |
| Pirampanide | 4 | 1 | 1.629 | 0.202 | |
| Chinese Medicine | 11 | 9 | 0.056 | 0.813 | |
| Others | 8 | 6 | 0.137 | 0.712 | |
| Disease duration (years) | <0.5 | 6 (22.2) | 12 (50) | 6.482 | 0.039 |
| 0.5–2 | 5 (18.5) | 6 (25) | |||
| >2 | 16 (59.2) | 6 (25) | |||
| Daily dosing frequency | <1 | 1 (3.7) | 4 (16.7) | 5.433 | 0.246 |
| 1 | 4 (14.8) | 3 (12.5) | |||
| 2 | 1 (3.7) | 2 (8.3) | |||
| 3 | 10 (37.0) | 11 (45.8) | |||
| >3 | 11 (40.7) | 4 (16.7) | |||
| Perception of seizure control | Controlled | 6 (22.2) | 14 (58.3) | 6.951 | 0.008 |
| Uncontrolled or not always controlled | 21 (77.8) | 10 (41.7) | |||
| Care from family or friends | Continuous/almost | 24 (88.9) | 23 (95.8) | 0.848 | 0.357 |
| Rare/absent/never | 3 (11.1) | 1 (4.2) |
*Categorical variables were summarized according to the absolute frequency and percentage of subjects (%) in each category level.
**Beyond annual household income, the health care costs exceed the average annual household income.
TLEA, temporal lobe epilepsy with anxiety disorders; TLEW, temporal lobe epilepsy but without anxiety disorder; SAS, Self-Rating Anxiety Scale; GAD, Generalized Anxiety Disorder; HAMA, Hamilton Anxiety Scale.