Table 1.
Findings about the factors that affect women’s status of being exposed to controlling behavior.
| Variables | Controlling behavior experience | n (%) | χ2 | p | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No | Yes | ||||
| Place of residence | |||||
| Urban Area | 864 (13.4) | 3,540 (54.8) | 4,404 (68.2) | 17.215 | 0.000 |
| Rural Area | 315 (4.9) | 1,739 (26.9) | 2,054 (31.8) | ||
| Age | |||||
| 15–24 | 85 (7.2) | 718 (13.6) | 803 (12.4) | 84.063 | 0.000 |
| 25–34 | 291 (24.7) | 1,694 (32.1) | 1,985 (30.7) | ||
| 35–44 | 363 (30.8) | 1,387 (26.3) | 1,750 (27.1) | ||
| 45–54 | 324 (27.5) | 1,088 (20.6) | 1,412 (21.9) | ||
| 55+ | 116 (9.8) | 392 (7.4) | 508 (7.9) | ||
| Mother tongue | |||||
| Turkish | 1,003 (85.1) | 4,286 (81.2) | 5,289 (81.9) | 9.799 | 0.002 |
| Kurdish, Arabic etc. | 176 (14.9) | 993 (18.8) | 1,169 (18.1) | ||
| Marital status | |||||
| Married | 1,059 (89.8) | 4,495 (85.1) | 5,554 (86.0) | 17.483 | 0.000 |
| Unmarried | 120 (10.2) | 784 (14.9) | 904 (14.0) | ||
| Health status | |||||
| Excellent/Good | 612 (51.9) | 2,345 (44.4) | 2,957 (45.8) | 23.908 | 0,000 |
| Reasonable | 444 (37.7) | 2,209 (41.8) | 2,653 (41.1) | ||
| Bad/Very Bad | 123 (10.4) | 725 (13.7) | 848 (13.1) | ||
| Educational level | |||||
| Illiterate/Have No Diploma | 165 (14.0) | 1,076 (20.4) | 1,241 (19.2) | 79.988 | 0.000 |
| Elementary School | 525 (44.5) | 2,382 (45.1) | 2,907 (45.0) | ||
| Secondary School | 134 (11.4) | 745 (14.1) | 879 (13.6) | ||
| High School | 202 (17.1) | 714 (13.5) | 916 (14.2) | ||
| University | 153 (13.0) | 362 (6.9) | 515 (8.0) | ||
| Educational level of the intimate partner | |||||
| Illiterate/Have No Diploma | 55 (4.7) | 288 (5.5) | 343 (5.3) | 51.879 | 0.000 |
| Elementary School | 430 (36.5) | 2,321 (44.0) | 2,751 (42.6) | ||
| Secondary School | 190 (16.1) | 873 (16.5) | 1,063 (16.5) | ||
| High School | 283 (24.0) | 1,179 (22.3) | 1,462 (22.6) | ||
| University | 221 (18.7) | 618 (11.7) | 839 (13.0) | ||
| Household income level | |||||
| 1. Income Level | 251 (21.3) | 1,387 (26.3) | 1,638 (25.4) | 17.663 | 0.000 |
| 2. Income Level | 282 (23.9) | 1,309 (24.8) | 1,591 (24.6) | ||
| 3. Income Level | 312 (26.5) | 1,310 (24.8) | 1,622 (25.1) | ||
| 4. Income Level | 334 (28.3) | 1,273 (24.1) | 1,607 (24.9) | ||
| Women having a higher income contribution to the household | |||||
| Yes | 68 (5.8) | 254 (4.8) | 322 (5.0) | 1.860 | 0.183 |
| No | 1,111 (94.2) | 5,025 (95.2) | 6,136 (95.0) | ||
| Exposure to economic violence from the intimate partner | |||||
| Yes | 147 (12.5) | 1,607 (30.4) | 1,754 (27.2) | 157.368 | 0.000 |
| No | 1,032 (87.5) | 3,672 (69.6) | 4,704 (72.8) | ||
| Intimate partner’s fight with another man that results in physical violence | |||||
| Yes | 52 (4.4) | 603 (11.4) | 655 (10.1) | 51.996 | 0.000 |
| No | 1,127 (95.6) | 4,676 (88.6) | 5,803 (89.9) | ||
| Exposure to physical violence from the intimate partner | |||||
| Yes | 187 (15.9) | 1,942 (36.8) | 2,129 (33.0) | 190.980 | 0.000 |
| No | 992 (84.1) | 3,337 (63.2) | 4,329 (67.0) | ||
| Women’s finding it right for the men to beat their partners/wives | |||||
| Yes | 261 (22.1) | 2,257 (42.8) | 2,518 (39.0) | 172.210 | 0,000 |
| No | 918 (77.9) | 3,022 (57.2) | 3,940 (61.0) | ||
| Exposure to emotional violence from the intimate partner | |||||
| Yes | 265 (22.5) | 2,398 (45.4) | 2,663 (41.2) | 209.456 | 0.000 |
| No | 914 (77.5) | 2,881 (54.6) | 3,795 (58.8) | ||
| Exposure to emotional violence from someone other than the intimate partner | |||||
| Yes | 162 (13.7) | 1,159 (22.0) | 1,321 (20.5) | 39.968 | 0.000 |
| No | 1,017 (86.3) | 4,120 (78.0) | 5,137 (79.5) | ||
| Being afraid of the intimate partner | |||||
| Yes | 84 (7.1) | 986 (18.7) | 1,070 (16.6) | 93.057 | 0.000 |
| No | 1,095 (92.9) | 4,293 (81.3) | 5,388 (83.4) | ||