Table 2.

The results of estimated binary logistic regression model and marginal effects about the factors that affect women’s status of being exposed to controlling behavior.

Variables	β	Std. error	95% CI		ME (%)	Std. error	VIF
			Lower	Upper
Place of residence (Reference: Rural Area)
Urban Area	−0.191	0.093	−0.374	−0.009	−3.5b	0.016	1.16
Age (Reference: 15–24)
25–34	−0.350	0.181	−0.706	0.004	−4.3c	0.020	3.12
35–44	−0.957	0.184	−1.319	−0.595	−15.4a	0.025	3.24
45–54	−1.158	0.192	−1.536	−0.781	−20.2a	0.029	3.15
55+	−1.322	0.226	−1.766	−0.877	−24.6a	0.045	2.01
Mother tongue (Reference: 15–24)
Turkish	0.216	0.124	−0.027	0.460	4.3c	0.026	1.34
Marital status (Reference: Unmarried)
Married	−0.444	0.143	−0.725	−0.163	−7.5a	0.021	1.36
Health status (Reference: Bad/Very Bad)
Excellent/Good	−0.244	0.144	−0.526	0.038	−4.5c	0.025	2.87
Reasonable	−0.110	0.140	−0.386	0.164	−1.9	0.024	2.55
Educational level (Reference: Illiterate/Have No Diploma)
Elementary School	−0.202	0.135	−0.467	0.062	−3.4	0.021	2.42
Secondary School	−0.310	0.189	−0.681	0.061	−5.4	0.033	2.18
High School	−0.420	0.182	−0.778	−0.063	−7.7b	0.033	2.34
University	−0.648	0.210	−1.060	−0.236	−12.9a	0.043	2.28
Educational level of the intimate partner (Reference: Elementary School)
Illiterate/Have No Diploma	−0.394	0.200	−0.786	−0.001	−8.1b	0.046	1.19
Secondary School	−0.183	0.128	−0.436	0.068	−3.5	0.025	1.32
High School	−0.151	0.119	−0.385	0.082	−2.8	0.022	1.50
University	−0.063	0.146	−0.351	0.224	−1.1	0.027	1.84
Household income level (Reference: 1. Income Level)
2. Income Level	0.221	0.123	−0.020	0.463	4.4c	0.025	1.66
3. Income Level	0.184	0.125	−0.061	0.430	3.7	0.025	1.72
4. Income Level	0.200	0.126	−0.046	0.447	4.0	0.025	1.80
Women having a higher income contribution to the household (Reference: No)
Yes	−0.397	0.174	−0.739	−0.054	−8.6b	0.042	1.17
Exposure to Economic Violence from the Intimate Partner (Reference: No)
Yes	0.815	0.117	0.584	1.046	13.1a	0.015	1.17
Intimate partner’s fight with another man that results in physical violence (Reference: No)
Yes	0.412	0.183	0.053	0.772	6.9b	0.026	1.10
Exposure to Physical Violence from the Intimate Partner (Reference: No)
Yes	0.525	0.115	0.300	0.751	9.1a	0.018	1.50
Women’s finding it right for the men to beat their partners/wives (Reference: No)
Yes	0.799	0.097	0.608	0.991	13.6a	0.015	1.13
Exposure to Emotional Violence from the Intimate Partner (Reference: No)
Yes	0.472	0.102	0.272	0.673	8.5a	0.017	1.45
Exposure to emotional violence from someone other than the intimate partner (Reference: No)
Yes	0.196	0.114	−0.028	0.422	3.6c	0.020	1.10
Being afraid of the intimate partner (Reference: No)
Yes	0.480	0.147	0.190	0.770	8.0a	0.021	1.17
Constant	2.109	0.252	1.613	2.604	Mean VIF:		1.82

^ap < 0.01; ^bp < 0.05; ^cp < 0.10. VIF, Variance Inflation Factor.