Table 1. Demographic, clinical, and tumor characteristics of 8 reported cases of synchronous neck and chest PGLs.
| Publication [year] | Age (years) | Gender | Signs and symptoms | Previous history | Tumor location (size) | Imaging modality |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Reinert [2000] (12) | 47 | Male | Progressive swelling of the bilateral neck | NA | Jugular regions and anterior mediastinum | Contrast-enhanced CT and angiography |
| Taïeb [2014] (13) | NA | NA | NA | NA | Right carotid body and mediastinum | Somatostatin receptor SPECT and 18F-FDG PET/CT |
| Witkowska [2014] (14) | 37 | Male | NA | Multiorgan sarcoidosis and hypertension | Retroperitoneal (4 cm), mediastinum, neck (bilaterally), and right jugular foramen | Contrast-enhanced CT, MRI, 68Ga DOTATATE PET-CT and 123I-MIBG SPECT |
| Stratakis [2014] (15) | 37 | Male | Recurrent generalized headaches and visual difficulties | Hypertension | Bilateral carotid area, epicardial and paravertebral mass at the T6/T7 level | 123I-MIBG, 111In-pentetreotide SPECT and 18F-FDG PET/CT |
| Massad [2017] (16) | 30 | Male | Neck mass and palpitations | NA | Right carotid body bifurcation (3.0×8.0 cm) and left atrial | Cardiac MRI, contrast-enhanced CT and 123I-MIBG SPECT |
| Inoue [2017] (17) | 58 | Female | NA | Resection of carotid body tumor and hypertension | Left atrium (5.6×5.1 cm) | Echocardiography, contrast-enhanced CT and MRI |
| Shu [2020] (18) | 46 | Male | Recurrent chest pain | Resection of bilateral carotid artery PGL | Right atrioventricular groove (3.0×2.5×2.0 cm) | Echocardiography, coronary angiography, and 18F-FDG PET-CT |
| Dhirawani [2021] (19) | 42 | Male | Breathlessness, chest pain, and excessive perspiration | Hypertension | Left para-aortic region (4.1×2.8×2.9 cm) and left common carotid artery (1.7×1.5×1.1 cm) | Contrast-enhanced CT, echocardiography, and 18F-FDG PET-CT |
PGLs, paragangliomas; NA, not available; CT, computed tomography; SPECT, single-photon emission computed tomography; 18F-FDG, 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose; 68Ga-DOTATATE, 68Ga-DOTA(0)-Tyr(3)-octreotate; PET-CT, positron emission tomography-computed tomography; 123I-MIBG, 123I-metaiodobenzylguanidine; MRI, magnetic resonance imaging.