Table 2.

Baseline associations between renal and cognitive indicators in patients with de novo PD.

Cognitive indicators	Scr		UA		BUN		UA/Scr		eGFR
	β	p-value	β	p-value	β	p-value	β	p-value	β	p-value
CSF Aβ42	−0.0033	0.0094	−0.0017	0.7243	0.0407	0.5959	0.1275	0.1050	0.0034	0.0156
CSF T-tau (n = 499)	−0.0002	0.0626	0.0001	0.7072	−0.0020	0.6723	0.0091	0.0693	0.0015	0.1680
CSF P-tau (n = 474)	−0.0004	0.1990	0.0005	0.6470	0.0130	0.4030	0.0218	0.1810	0.0004	0.1410
CSF α-syn (n = 415)	−0.0036	0.0096	0.0004	0.9428	0.1047	0.1842	0.1613	0.0519	0.0036	0.0151
Serum NfL (n = 444)	0.0022	0.0696	−0.0037	0.4029	0.0815	0.2297	−0.1561	0.0282	−0.0029	0.0215
MoCA	0.0002	0.0938	−0.0001	0.7881	−0.0115	0.1674	−0.0151	0.0730	−4986.0	0.2505
HVLT total recall	−0.0003	0.4320	0.0001	0.9584	−0.0279	0.1697	0.0070	0.7360	0.0302	0.3947
HVLT delayed recall	−0.0002	0.5723	−0.0006	0.6570	−0.0285	0.2124	−0.0095	0.6857	0.2097	0.4377
HVLT recognition	−0.0005	0.2090	−0.0020	0.1880	−0.0038	0.8759	−0.0081	0.7416	0.6959	0.6579
JoLO	−0.0001	0.8936	−0.0025	0.1097	−0.0283	0.2402	−0.0313	0.2004	−0.1606	0.1410
LNS	0.0007	0.0592	0.0018	0.2240	0.0208	0.3660	−0.0054	0.8190	−0.0166	0.0698
Semantic fluency test	0.0004	0.2565	−0.0009	0.4277	−0.0016	0.9302	−0.0334	0.0775	−0.0416	0.2424
SDMT	0.0005	0.1156	0.0003	0.8101	0.0045	0.8191	−0.0336	0.0929	−0.0549	0.1004

The models were adjusted for age, sex, educational levels, APOE ε4 status, and disease duration.

Aβ, amyloid beta; APOE, Apolipoprotein E; α-syn, α-synuclein; BUN, blood urea nitrogen; CSF, cerebrospinal fluid; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; HVLT, Hopkins verbal learning test; JoLO, judgment of line orientation; LNS; letter number sequencing; MoCA, Montreal cognitive assessment; n, number; NfL, neurofilament light chain; PD, Parkinson’s disease; Scr, serum creatinine; SDMT, symbol digit modality test; UA, uric acid. The bold values were symbolized to statistically significant difference (p < 0.05).