Fig. 4.

BMSC‐Exos regulates insulin sensitivity by activating the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. (A–D) Mice were treated as described in Fig. 2, and iWAT proteins were collected for assay. Expression of each group of insulin signaling pathway‐related proteins (P‐PI3K, P‐AKT, and GLUT4) was analyzed by western blot (n = 3 per group). (E–H) Mature 3T3‐L1 adipocytes were pretreated with BMSC‐Exos (10 and 20 μg·mL⁻¹) for 24 h. Subsequently, they were treated with 1 mm PA for 24 h and incubated with 100 nm insulin for 15 min before sample collection. Expression of each group of insulin signaling pathway‐related proteins (P‐PI3K, P‐AKT, and GLUT4) was analyzed by western blot (n = 3 per group). The error bars indicate the SEM, whereas comparisons between two groups were performed by an unpaired Student's test, *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01.