Study	Reason for exclusion
Boutros 1999	Study did not use automated bolus, instead manual bolus was administered
Delgado 2018	Not a randomised controlled study
Feng 2014	Study did not use automated bolus, instead manual bolus was administered
Garg 2022	Study did not use automated bolus, instead manual bolus was administered
Lamont 1989	Study did not use automated bolus, instead manual bolus was administered
Liu 2020	This is not a randomised controlled study
Mukherjee 2013	Study did not use automated bolus, instead manual bolus was administered
Nunes 2014	Intervention groups not comparable in study as given different volumes and concentrations of LA
Nunes 2016	Intervention groups not comparable in study as given different volumes and concentrations of LA
Patkar 2015	Study did not use automated bolus, instead manual bolus was administered
Priyadarshini 2022	Study did not use automated bolus, instead manual bolus was administered
Riazanova 2019	LA without opioids used in both groups ‐ this differs from contemporary clinical practice
Rodriguez Gonzalez 2019	This is not a randomised controlled study
Roofthooft 2021	Study did not use automated bolus, instead manual bolus was administered
Salim 2005	The intervention groups received different analgesic medications.
Shidhaye 2010	Study did not use automated bolus, instead manual bolus was administered
Skrablin 2011	Study did not use automated bolus, instead manual bolus was administered
Smedstad 1988	Study did not use automated bolus, instead manual bolus was administered
Vilaplana 1995	Study did not use automated bolus, instead manual bolus was administered

LA: local anaesthetic.