Table 1.
Study design and characteristics of the sample.
| Study | Design | Sample characteristics (age, index offense) | Country |
|---|---|---|---|
| Elliott et al., (2019) | Cohort study | N = 690 adult males; mean age 40 (SD = 11.6; range from 18 to 72 years). 84.6% of the sample with an indecent image of children conviction (IIOC); 15.4% of the sample with an IIOC offense combined with either a concurrent index contact/paraphilic sex offense a prior history of contact/paraphilic sexual offenses, or a subsequently detected historical contact/paraphilic sexual post index offense | United Kingdom |
| Mandeville-Norden et al., (2008) | Cohort study | N = 341 males; mean age 45.33 (SD= 14.2; range from range from 18 to 82). Convicted of a sexual offense against a child, which involved some degree of physical contact | United Kingdom |
| Beech et al., (2012) | Cohort study | N = 413 males; mean age = 44.16 (SD = 14.15, range from 18 to 82). Convicted of a sexual offense against a child, which involved some degree of physical contact. | United Kingdom |
| Beech & Ford (2006) | Cohort study | N = 51 males; mean age = 42.2 (SD = 13.6, range from 21 to 66). 80% (n = 41) indecent assault against children, 18% (n=9) gross indecency against a child, 10% (n = 5) buggery, 8% (n = 4) rape of a child, 6% (n = 3) incest, 4% (n = 2) unlawful sexual intercourse, and 2% (n = 1) possession of obscene material | United Kingdom |
| Biddey & Beech (2003) | Cohort study | N = 59 males; mean age 39.5 (SD = 12.6, range from 21 to 75). Offense index: Child sexual abuse | United Kingdom |
| Colton et al., (2009) | Exploratory design | N = 35 adult males; mean age 44; index offense: Child sexual abuse | United Kingdom |
| Dervley et al., (2017) | Descriptive study | N = 13 participants; mean age 47.3 (SD = 10.6). Index offense: n = 10 (76.9%) downloading child sexual exploitation material (CSEM); n = 2 (15.4%) downloading and distributing CSEM; n = 1 (7.7%) incitement and downloading CSEM | United Kingdom |
| Marques et al., (2005) | Randomized controlled trial | N = 704 male offenders; age range between 18 and 60; n = 259 treatment (RP) condition, n = 225 volunteer control (VC) condition, and n = 220 nonvolunteer control (NVC) condition. Each group was 58% child molesters and 22% rapists (with adult victims) | United States |
| Fisher et al., (2000) | Cohort study | N = 74 male; index offense: Child sexual abuse | United Kingdom |
| Middleton et al., (2009) | Cohort study | N = 264; mean age 41.5 (SD = 11.27, range from 19 to 73). Index offense: Child pornography | United Kingdom |
| Serran et al., (2007) | Quasi-experimental study | N = 60 adult males; n = 33 treatment group with mean age 46.45 (SD = 10.52); n = 27 waiting list group with mean age 46.59 (SD = 12.57). Index offense: Child sexual abuse against an unrelated child victim | Canada |
| Craissati et al., (2009) | Cohort study | N = 273 males; index offense: n= 198 child sexual abuse and 75 rapists | United Kingdom |