Table 3.

Macrophage-targeted T-EVs are employed as drug delivery systems.

Tumor cell line	Carrier type	Surface modification	Effector molecules	Effects	Ref.
H22	T-EVs	/	IONs	Promoting M1 polarization and inhibiting tumor growth	118
Panc-1	T-EVs	/	miR-155 and miR-125b	Re-programming macrophages from an M2 phenotype back to an M1 phenotype	113
CT26	Exosomes-thermosensitive liposomes hybrid nanovesicles	CD47 overexpression	Photothermal agent ICG and R837	Improving macrophage-mediated phagocytosis of tumor cells by blocking CD47 signal, promoting tumor-associated antigen generation	110
RM-1	T-EVs	IFN-γ modification	/	Increasing M1 macrophages quantity, promoting M1 macrophages to engulf RM-1 cell-derived EVs	111
4T1	Tumor cell apoptotic bodies	/	CpG	Polarizing macrophages to the M1 phenotype, enhancing macrophage antigen presentation and phagocytic ability	119