NOX4 inhibitor GKT137831 treatment ameliorated LPS-induced S-AKI in mice. (A) Protein expression of kidney NOX4 detected by western blot analysis and quantified by densitometry. (B) Representative micrographs of immunochemistry staining of NOX4 in kidney tissue sections (×400, scale bars = 20 μm). (C) Scr and (D) BUN levels in different groups of mice. (E) Renal NGAL mRNA expression measured by RT‒qPCR. (F) Representative images of HE staining (×200, scale bars = 50 μm; ×400, scale bars = 20 μm). (G) Tubular damage scores of kidney tissues based on HE staining. Data are represented as the mean ± SD, n = 5. ****P < 0.0001 vs Ctrl; ###P < 0.001, ####P < 0.0001 vs LPS.