Table 3.

The strategy for improving the photostability of CDs

	CDs	Precursor	Performances	References
Hydrophily	N-CDs	P-phenylenediamine (p-PD) and ethanol	19 times of continual irradiation (6 min at every turn)	109
	N-CDs	CA and m‐aminophenol	Continuous laser irradiation for 30 min	110
Co-doped	N, P-CDs	Malic acid, ethylenediamine and phosphoric acid	60 min exposure under 350 nm UV	112
	F,N-CDs	Poly(ethylene imine) and levofloxacin	Stablity at room temperature for three months	114
	B,N-CDs	Cresyl violet and boric acid	Continuous ultraviolet light irradiation for 20 h	115
	S,N-CDs	Allium sativum peels	Continuous exposure to UV light for 60 min	116
	N,Cl-CDs	l-Ornithine hydrochloride	Being stored 1 year at ambient temperature	117
	P,Cl-CDs	Phosphoric and hydrochloric acids and maltose	Continuous excitation at 390 nm for 100 min	93
Passivation	PEG-CDs	PEG6000, pyrene and nitric acid	Photostability after 30 s of irradiation using a laser for 557 nm	119-120
	PEI-CDs	Glycerol and branched PEI25k	Stable in the pH range of 5-12	121-122
	PVA-CDs	Polyvinyl alcohol and waste tea residue	Stability under the UV light	123
	PVP-CDs	Poly(vinylpyrrolidone) and L-Cysteine	Maintain stability for 1 h under continuous UV light (365 nm) illumination	124