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In vitro anti-inflammatory activities of RJ-EVs on Raw 264.7 macrophages. (A, B) The concentrations of anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-10, TGF-β1) were quantified using ELISA assay. (C, D) The concentrations of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, TNF-α) were quantified using ELISA assay. All data were presented as mean ± SD (n = 6). * for P < 0.05, ** for P < 0.01, *** for P < 0.001, and **** for P < 0.0001.
