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. 2023 Jun 1;8(1):34–41. doi: 10.29045/14784726.2023.6.8.1.34

Table 2.

Participant inclusion/exclusion criteria.

Specialist paramedic-participants Patient-participants
Inclusion criteria:
HCPC registered specialist paramedics employed as advanced practitioners:
  • from the selected specialist paramedic team;

  • able to provide informed consent;

  • willing to undergo training and to deliver the intervention;

  • willing to undergo training to participate in study measures and processes; and

  • willing to take part in the focus group.

Inclusion criteria:
Adult patients aged 18 years old and over:
  • registered with a GP surgery in the locality;

  • in their normal home environment, care home, nursing home or step-up intermediate bed service, experiencing an ambulatory sensitive presentation related to falls, frailty, mild-to-moderate breathlessness or non-specific general illness and receiving an ambulance service response from participating specialist paramedics;

  • not requiring immediate life-saving intervention/immediate transfer to ED; and

  • able to give written consent during the call-out.

Exclusion criteria:
Any HCPC registered specialist paramedic who is currently under investigation for fitness to practice.
Exclusion criteria:
  • Patients requiring emergency intervention and immediate transfer to hospital.

  • Patients who do not have mental capacity.

  • Clinical presentations that should not have any delayed on-scene time, meeting the criteria outlined in the regional ambulance service policy for the assessment, conveyance and referral of patients, e.g. detailing the NEWS2 and other appropriate clinical screening tools that assist in the decision making regarding the decision to convey or refer for community management.

  • Non-English-speaking patients.

  • End-of-life care patients.

  • Patients residing in prison.

  • Patients currently recruited to any other research studies.

ED: emergency department; HCPC: Health and Care Professions Council; NEWS2: National Early Warning Score.