Table 2.
Patient clinical characteristics.
| All | Male | Female | X2 (95% CI) | p-value | |
| n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | |||
| Participants | 426 (100.0) | 167 (39.3) | 259 (60.7) | 18.5 (11.7–30.5) | < 0.01 |
| Community dwelling | 380 (89.2) | 149 (89.2) | 231 (89.1) | 0.0 (–6.3–5.9) | 0.97 |
| Resides alone | 267 (62.6) | 86 (51.4) | 181 (69.8) | 14.6 (8.9–27.5) | < 0.01 |
| Witnessed fall | 86 (20.1) | 44 (26.3) | 42 (16.2) | 6.4 (2.2–18.2) | 0.01 |
| History of falling | 279 (65.4) | 102 (61.0) | 177 (68.3) | 2.3 (–1.9–16.5) | 0.12 |
| Not known to falls services | 207 (48.5) | 75 (73.5) | 132 (74.5) | 0.0 (–7.3–9.6) | 0.81 |
| Cognitive impairment | 53 (12.4) | 21 (12.5) | 32 (12.3) | 0.0 (–5.9–7.0) | 0.95 |
| Dementia | 24 (5.6) | 9 (5.3) | 15 (5.7) | 0.0 (–4.6–4.7) | 0.86 |
| Parkinson’s disease | 20 (4.6) | 10 (5.9) | 10 (3.8) | 1.0 (–1.9–7.0) | 0.31 |
| Stroke | 82 (19.2) | 31 (18.5) | 51 (19.6) | 0.0 (–6.7–8.4) | 0.77 |
| Diabetes | 92 (21.5) | 42 (25.1) | 50 (19.3) | 2.0 (–2.1–14.1) | 0.15 |
| Mobility dysfunction | 353 (82.8) | 139 (83.2) | 214 (82.6) | 0.0 (–7.0–7.6) | 0.87 |
| Balance disorder | 349 (81.9) | 136 (81.4) | 213 (82.2) | 0.0 (–6.4–8.5) | 0.83 |
| Osteoarthritis | 183 (42.9) | 43 (25.7) | 140 (54.0) | 33.1 (18.9–36.7) | < 0.01 |
| Osteoporosis | 113 (26.5) | 28 (16.7) | 85 (32.8) | 13.4 (7.7–23.7) | < 0.01 |
| Use of walking aids | 336 (78.8) | 134 (80.2) | 202 (77.9) | 0.3 (–5.3–9.1) | 0.57 |
| Blackouts | 34 (7.9) | 9 (5.3) | 25 (9.6) | 2.5 (–1.1–9.1) | 0.1 |
| Vision problems | 210 (49.2) | 83 (49.7) | 127 (49.0) | 0.0 (–8.9–10.3) | 0.88 |
| Incontinence problems | 152 (35.6) | 58 (34.7) | 94 (32.2) | 0.2 (–6.5–11.7) | 0.59 |
| Polypharmacy | 371 (87.0) | 146 (87.4) | 225 (86.8) | 0.0 (–6.2–6.8) | 0.85 |
| Injuries or pain following most recent fall | 188 (44.1) | 72 (43.1) | 116 (44.7) | 0.1 (–8.0–11.0) | 0.74 |
| Fear of falling score of 0 | 118 (27.6) | 59 (35.3) | 59 (22.7) | 8.0 (3.8–21.4) | < 0.01 |
| Conveyed to ED | 101 (23.7) | 36 (31.5) | 65 (25.0) | 2.1 (–2.1–15.3) | 0.14 |
| Clinical Frailty Scale | |||||
| 1 | 4 (0.9) | 2 (1.2) | 2 (0.8) | 0.1 (–1.7–3.5) | 0.67 |
| 2 | 7 (1.6) | 5 (3.0) | 2 (0.8) | 2.9 (–0.4–6.0) | 0.08 |
| 3 | 13 (3.0) | 6 (3.6) | 7 (2.7) | 0.2 (–2.5–5.1) | 0.59 |
| 4 | 41 (9.6) | 16 (9.6) | 25 (9.7) | 0.0 (–6.1–5.6) | 0.97 |
| 5 | 80 (18.7) | 30 (18.0) | 50 (19.3) | 0.1 (–6.5–8.6) | 0.73 |
| 6 | 148 (34.7) | 59 (35.3) | 89 (34.3) | 0.0 (–8.0–10.3) | 0.83 |
| 7 | 126 (29.5) | 45 (27.0) | 81 (31.2) | 0.8 (–4.7–12.7) | 0.35 |
| 8 | 2 (0.4) | 0 | 2 (0.8) | 1.3 (–1.5–2.8) | 0.24 |
| 9 | 4 (0.9) | 3 (1.8) | 1 (0.4) | 2.1 (–0.7–4.7) | 0.14 |
| Missing data | 1 (0.2) | 1 (0.5) | 0 | N/A | N/A |
CI: confidence interval; ED: emergency department.