Table 1. Sociodemographic Characteristics of Patients (N = 450) Diagnosed With Hypertension at a Tertiary Care Hospital, by Level of Adherencea to Medication, Islamabad, Pakistan, 2019.
| Characteristics | All patients | Nonadherence (n = 170) | Moderate adherence (n = 165) | Good adherence (n = 115) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, mean (SD), y | 54.5 (10.6) | 53.4 (11.1) | 54.7 (9.8) | 55.5 (10.9) |
| 20–39 | 29 (6.4) | 15 (8.8) | 8 (4.8) | 6 (5.2) |
| 40–59 | 275 (61.1) | 104 (61.2) | 100 (60.6) | 71 (61.7) |
| ≥60 | 146 (32.4) | 51 (30.0) | 57 (34.5) | 38 (33.0) |
| Male sex | 253 (56.2) | 86 (50.6) | 89 (53.9) | 78 (67.8) |
| Marital status | ||||
| Single | 6 (1.3) | 4 (2.4) | 2 (1.2) | 0 (0) |
| Married | 403 (89.6) | 150 (88.2) | 146 (88.5) | 107 (93.0) |
| Divorced or widowed | 41 (9.1) | 16 (9.4) | 17 (10.3) | 8 (7.0) |
| Residence | ||||
| Urban | 332 (73.8) | 118 (69.4) | 126 (76.4) | 88 (76.5) |
| Rural | 118 (26.2) | 52 (30.6) | 39 (23.6) | 27 (23.5) |
| Educational status | ||||
| No formal education (illiterate) | 303 (67.3) | 159 (93.5) | 110 (66.7) | 34 (29.6) |
| Literate | 147 (32.7) | 11 (6.5) | 55 (33.3) | 81 (70.4) |
| Primary school or less | 29 (6.4) | 4 (2.4) | 8 (4.8) | 17 (14.8) |
| Up to matriculation or secondary school | 77 (17.1) | 5 (2.9) | 18 (10.9) | 54 (47.0) |
| Bachelor’s degree or higher | 41 (9.1) | 2 (1.2) | 29 (17.6) | 10 (8.7) |
| Occupation | ||||
| Government employee | 112 (24.9) | 32 (18.8) | 43 (26.1) | 37 (32.2) |
| Housewife | 156 (34.7) | 59 (34.7) | 66 (40.0) | 31 (27.0) |
| Retired | 71 (15.8) | 25 (14.7) | 25 (15.2) | 21 (18.3) |
| Private job | 49 (10.9) | 21 (12.4) | 15 (9.1) | 13 (11.3) |
| Unemployed | 25 (5.6) | 12 (7.1) | 8 (4.8) | 5 (4.3) |
| Laborer or maid | 24 (5.3) | 17 (10.0) | 3 (1.8) | 4 (3.5) |
| Self-employed | 13 (2.8) | 4 (2.4) | 5 (3.0) | 4 (3.5) |
| Socioeconomic status scoreb | ||||
| Lower (1–4) | 91 (20.2) | 38 (22.4) | 35 (21.2) | 18 (15.6) |
| Upper lower (5–10) | 264 (58.7) | 104 (61.2) | 100 (60.6) | 60 (52.2) |
| Lower middle (11–15) | 65 (14.4) | 22 (12.9) | 16 (9.7) | 27 (23.5) |
| Upper middle (16–25) | 30 (6.7) | 6 (3.5) | 14 (8.5) | 10 (8.7) |
| Monthly income, rupees ($) | ||||
| <10,000 (64.50) | 65 (14.4) | 38 (22.4) | 17 (10.3) | 10 (8.7) |
| 10,000–19,999 (64.50–129.03) | 174 (38.7) | 71 (41.8) | 65 (39.4) | 38 (33.0) |
| 20,000–39,999 (129.03–258.06) | 179 (39.8) | 50 (29.4) | 69 (41.8) | 60 (52.2) |
| > 40,000 (>258.06) | 25 (5.5) | 10 (5.9) | 9 (5.5) | 6 (5.2) |
| 0 | 7 (1.6) | 1 (0.6) | 5 (3.0) | 1 (0.9) |
Abbreviation: MMAS-8, 8-item Morisky Medication Adherence Scale.
a
Level of adherence was classified as good, moderate, or nonadherent according to the MMAS-8; a score of 7 or 8 was classified as good, a score of 6 as moderate, and a score less than 6 as nonadherent. Values are number (percentage) unless otherwise indicated.
b
Kuppuswamy scale was used to measure the socioeconomic status of respondents, taking into account a composite score including the education and occupation of the family head and monthly household income, with a score of 1 to 29.