Table 3.

Effects by intervention on hospital use outcomes

Study	Admissions	Readmissions	ED visits	LoS (hospital)
Case management
Oeseburg et al 51	=		=	=
Joo and Huber 30		–	=	=
Joo and Liu 29		–	–	=
Discharge management
Echevarria et al 33		–		–
Langhorne and Baylan 31		=		–
Gonçalves‐Bradley et al 35		=
Yang et al 34		–
Shepperd et al 32	=			=
Braet et al 36		–	–
Prvu et al 39		=	–	–
Roper et al 38		–
Allen et al 37		=		=
Leppin et al 40		–
Multidisciplinary teams
Hickman et al 41		–	–	–
Shi et al 52	–
Health Quality Ontario 43	=		=
Health Quality Ontario 19	–		–
Self-management
Lenferink et al 58	–
Jolly et al 47	–
Harrison et al 57	=
Zwerink et al 46	–
Zimbudzi et al 54	–		=
Ditewig et al 49	=	=
Wang et al 45	–		–
Hosseinzadeh et al 50	=
Long et al 44	–
Majothi et al 48	=	=	=	=
Newham et al 55			–
Complex
Valentijn et al 25	–
Kruis et al 27	–			–
Kastner et al 24
Takeda et al 28	–	–
Peytremann‐Bridevaux et al 26	–
Baker et al 22		=
Mitchell et al 23	=	–		–
Martinez-González et al 12	–	–	–	–
Murphy et al 73
Smith et al 74	=			=
Baxter et al 13	–	=	–	–
Damery et al 14	–	–	=	–

ED, emergency department; LoS, length of stay.