Table 3.
Main characteristics of studies evaluating GM-LFA performance for the diagnosis of IA in patients with hematological malignancies
| Study | Patients | Diagnostic standard | Sample source | Sample processing | Sample size | Proven and Probable IA | Sensitivity | Specificity | Antifungal prophylaxis/ therapy |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jenks et al.[8] | HM | 2008 modified EORTC/MSG | BAL | Retrospective | 24 | 9 | 89% | 88% | Yes, mold-active (42% of patients) |
| Jenks et al.[9] | HM, SOT, ICU | 2019 EORTC/MSG | BAL | Retrospective | 295 (HM:104) | 58 (HM:35) | Overall: 89%HM: 89% | Overall: 44%HM: 54% | Yes, mold active (29% of patients with HM) |
| Hoenigl et al.[11] | HM, CPD, SOT, various underlying diseases | 2019 EORTC/MSG and 2020 ECMM/ISHAM (CAPA) | Serum | Retrospective | 122 (HM:55) | 28* (HM:20*) | Overall: 79% HM: 85% | Overall: 80% HM: 72% | Yes, mold active (38% of all patients) |
| Mercier et al.[6] | HD | 2019 EORTC/MSG | Serum | Prospective | 239 | 41 | 49% | 95% | Yes, fluconazole (all patients) |
| Mercier et al.[10] | HD | 2008 modified EORTC/MSG | BAL | Retrospective | 235 | 75 | 83% | 87% | Yes, mold-active (6.4% of patients) |
| Serin et al.[7] | HM | 2019 EORTC/MSG | Serum | Prospective | 87 | 65 | 90.9% | 90.8% | NA for prophylaxis; no therapy |
| Arkell et al.[12] | HM, RT, various underlying diseases | 2019 EORTC/MSG | BAL | Prospective | 92 (HM:49) | 15 (HM:10) | Overall: 67% HM: 70% | Overall: 82% HM: 70% | Yes, mold active (47% of all patients) |
| White et al.[5] | HM, various underlying diseases | 2019 EORTC/MSG | Serum | Retrospective | 135 cases, 179 samples (HM:82.2% of patients) | 27 cases | Overall: 96.9% | Overall: 98% | NA |
| Linder et al.[19] | HM, SOT, various underlying diseases | 2019 EORTC/MSG | BAL | Retrospective | 40 (HM:9) | 20 (HM:5) | Overall: 40% | Overall: 80% | Yes, mold active (only one patient) |
BAL: bronchoalveolar lavage, CAPA: COVID-19-associated pulmonary aspergillosis, CPD: chronic pulmonary diseases, ECMM/ISHAM: European Confederation of Medical Mycology/International Society for Human and Animal Mycoses, EORTC/MSG: European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer/Mycoses Study Group, HD: hematological diseases, HM: hematological malignancy, IA: invasive aspergillosis, ICU: intensive care unit, RT: renal transplantation, SOT: solid organ transplant.
*Proven or probable IA/CAPA