Table 2.

Recommended monitoring and risk mitigation strategies when using GLP-1 and dual GLP-1/GIP receptor agonists in patients with T2D and CKD [94^▪▪,95].

Adverse Event	Monitoring and/or Risk Mitigation Strategies
Gastrointestinal Intolerance (e.g., nausea, vomiting, diarrhea)	• Educate on tolerability and symptom recognition • Start at the lowest recommended dose and titrate upward slowly to meet individualized management goals
Hypoglycemia	• Educate on hypoglycemia prevention, recognition, and treatment • Adjust background glucose-lowering agents (e.g., insulin and/or sulfonylureas) as appropriate to reduce risk • Monitor glycemia via blood glucose monitoring (BGM) and/or continuous glucose monitoring (CGM)

CKD, chronic kidney disease; GIP, glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide; GLP-1, glucagon-like peptide-1; T2D, type 2 diabetes.