TABLE 3.
Wellbeing and Mental Health Outcomes: odds ratios (ORs) (95% confidence intervals [CIs]) for being in the problematic category for each sub‐scale of Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) and for being depressed as defined by the Short Moods and Feelings Questionnaire (sMFQ) for cases versus controls
| Model 0: Unadjusted | Model 1: Adjusted for biological sex and maternal education | Model 2a: Adjusted for biological sex, maternal education and performance intelligence quotient (IQ) | Model 2b: Adjusted for biological sex, maternal education and verbal IQ | Model 3: Adjusted for biological sex, maternal education, verbal and performance IQ | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Outcome | OR [95% CI] | p‐value | OR [95% CI] | p‐value | OR [95% CI] | p‐value | OR [95% CI] | p‐value | OR [95% CI] | p‐value |
| SDQ: Parent report (age 11) | ||||||||||
| Prosocial [n = 805/5257] | 1.58 [1.32, 2.23] | 0.009 | 1.40 [0.98, 2.01] | 0.066 | 1.33 [0.92, 1.93] | 0.125 | 1.36 [0.94, 1.96] | 0.106 | 1.36 [0.94, 1.96] | 0.105 |
| Hyperactivity [n = 360/5197] | 1.28 [0.77, 2.13] | 0.339 | 1.12 [0.66, 1.50] | 0.683 | 0.99 [0.57, 1.71] | 0.958 | 0.89 [0.51, 1.57] | 0.692 | 0.89 [0.50, 1.57] | 0.688 |
| Emotionality [n = 341/5195] | 1.27 [0.75, 2.15] | 0.368 | 1.25 [0.72, 2.20] | 0.43 | 1.12 [0.63, 2.01] | 0.703 | 1.15 [0.64, 2.05] | 0.873 | 1.14 [0.63, 2.04] | 0.668 |
| Conduct [n = 372/5206] | 0.99 [0.57, 1.72] | 0.967 | 0.81 [0.45, 1.48] | 0.498 | 0.78 [0.43, 1.42] | 0.413 | 0.77 [0.42, 1.41] | 0.399 | 0.76 [0.42, 1.39] | 0.377 |
| Peer problems [n = 427/5207] | 2.42 [1.65, 3.55] | <0.001 | 2.07 [1.37, 3.11] | <0.0001 | 1.90 [1.25, 2.90] | 0.003 | 1.81 [1.18, 2.78] | 0.007 | 1.81 [1.18, 2.78] | 0.007 |
| SDQ: Teacher report (age 10–11) | ||||||||||
| Prosocial [n = 337/3761] | 1.78 [1.11, 2.87] | 0.017 | 1.53 [0.93, 2.50] | 0.094 | 1.44 [0.87, 2.40] | 0.157 | 1.36 [0.8, 2.27] | 0.243 | 1.36 [0.81, 2.27] | 0.243 |
| Hyperactivity [n = 389/3761] | 1.78 [1.14, 2.80] | 0.012 | 1.45 [0.90, 2.35] | 0.125 | 1.22 [0.74, 2.03] | 0.435 | 1.12 [0.68, 1.85] | 0.652 | 1.08 [0.56, 1.80] | 0.754 |
| Emotionality [n = 414/3761] | 1.93 [1.25, 2.97] | 0.003 | 2.05 [1.31, 3.20] | 0.002 | 1.94 [1.24, 306] | 0.004 | 1.83 [1.16, 2.89] | 0.01 | 1.80 [1.14, 2.85] | 0.012 |
| Conduct [n = 329/3760] | 1.52 [0.91, 2.52] | 0.107 | 1.18 [0.68, 2.03] | 0.561 | 1.12 [0.64, 1.95] | 0.696 | 1.07 [0.62, 1.87] | 0.805 | 1.05 [0.60, 1.83] | 0.954 |
| Peer problems [n = 383/3761] | 2.78 [1.85, 4.16] | <0.0001 | 2.60 [1.71, 3.96] | <0.0001 | 2.37 [1.54, 3.66] | <0.0001 | 2.38 [1.54, 3.68] | <0.0001 | 2.30 [1.49, 3.57] | <0.0001 |
| Short Moods and Feelings Questionnaire: Child report (age 10) | ||||||||||
| Depression score: Child report [n = 568/5692] | 1.73 [1.18, 2.54] | 0.005 | 1.39 [0.91, 2.14] | 0.127 | 1.20 [0.77, 1.87] | 0.434 | 1.14 [0.72, 1.80] | 0.583 | 1.10 [0.70, 1.75] | 0.653 |
Note: N varies according to outcome: model 0 = 3498–5782; model 1 = 3450–5309; model 2a = 3452–5317; model 2b = 3452–5326; model 3 = 3440–5302.