Table 3.

Univariate and multivariate^a logistic regression analysis of potential predictors of depressive and anxiety symptoms

	Univariate analysis				Multivariate analysis
	Odds ratio (OR)	95% confidence interval of OR		P-value	Odds ratio (OR)	95% confidence interval of OR		P-value
		Lower	Upper			Lower	Upper
Depression
Academic year (first versus fifth)	2.01	1.11	3.65	0.021
Psychological therapy (yes versus no)	2.34	1.13	4.86	0.023
Sleep hours per day
< 7 versus > 9	0.61	0.14	2.65	0.512
7–9 versus > 9	0.27	0.06	1.12	0.071
Anxiety (yes versus no)	12.45	5.66	27.40	< 0.001	9.57	3.59	25.49	< 0.001
COVID-19 related issuesb
Worried about acquiring infection	7.31	2.99	17.88	< 0.001	5.60	1.74	17.97	0.004
Worried about academic performance	5.77	3.03	10.99	< 0.001	4.33	1.80	10.39	0.001
Feeling sad, depressed or anxious	14.72	6.51	33.29	< 0.001	7.75	2.88	20.85	< 0.001
Anxiety	2.013	1.111	3.647	0.021
Academic year (first versus fifth)	1.55	0.82	2.92	0.175
GPA
3.00 to 3.99 versus 4.50 to 5.00	2.24	0.97	5.17	0.059	2.28	0.84	6.18	0.105
4.00 to 4.49 versus 4.50 to 5.00	1.71	0.78	3.74	0.179	2.70	1.03	7.08	0.044
Psychological therapy (yes versus no)	2.18	1.04	4.56	0.038
Sleep hours per day
< 7 versus > 9	1.37	0.32	5.92	0.677
7–9 versus > 9	0.63	0.15	2.72	0.538
Depression (yes versus no)	12.45	5.66	27.40	< 0.001	13.91	6.08	31.81	< 0.001
COVID-19 related issuesb
Worried about acquiring infection	3.53	1.65	7.57	0.001
Worried about academic performance	2.40	1.25	4.60	0.008
Feeling sad, depressed or anxious	5.67	2.84	11.31	< 0.001

^aMultivariate logistic regression was done using backward elimination of all variables included in univariate analysis

^bAlways/most of the time versus not at all/sometimes