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. 2023 Jun 5;14:3239. doi: 10.1038/s41467-023-38994-5

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© The Author(s) 2023

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 2 — a Percentage of response expression quantitative trait loci (reQTLs) from all cis eQTLs in pathogen-exposed monocytes (A. fumigatus [Af]: 3,175 eQTLs and 191 reQTLs at 3 h, 3,439 eQTLs, and 240 reQTLs at 6 h; N. meningitidis [Nm]: 2,921 eQTLs and 302 reQTLs at 3 h, 3,029 eQTLs and 350 reQTLs at 6 h; S. aureus [Sa]: 2,574 eQTLs and 184 reQTLs at 3 h, 3,425 eQTLs, and 262 reQTLs at 6 h). b Percentage of timepoint-specific reQTLs in pathogen-exposed monocytes (Af: 19 at 3 h, 28 at 6 h; Nm: 47 at 3 h, 62 at 6 h; Sa: 24 at 3 h, 42 at 6 h). c Histograms comparing the gene expression log₂FC distribution of all genes (top row) or all DEGs (|log₂FC|≥ 1, bottom row) versus all reQTL-regulated genes after 3 h of stimulation (6 h stimulation: Supplementary Fig. 4a). Distribution differences were tested for statistical significance. Two-tailed t-test or Fisher exact test-based p-values are indicated. d Principal component analysis of 745 reQTL-regulated genes in monocytes of 215 healthy volunteers after exposure to Af, Nm, or Sa for 3 h and 6 h. Colors indicate stimulus and timepoint. e Venn diagrams of all reQTL-regulated genes after 3 h (left, total of 464 reQTL-regulated genes) and 6 h (right, total of 547 reQTL-regulated genes). 369 different genes are reQTL-regulated upon 3 h bacterial stimulation, 32% (117) of them are reQTL-regulated following Nm and Sa stimulation (6 h: 46% (194 overlapping reQTL-regulated genes out of 418)). 418 different genes are reQTL-regulated after 3 h stimulation with Af or Nm, 18% (75) of them are reQTL-regulated following Af and Nm stimulation (6 h: 17% (86 overlapping reQTL-regulated genes out of 504)). 297 different genes are reQTL-regulated after 3 h stimulation with Af or Sa, 26% (78) of them are reQTL-regulated following Af and Sa stimulation (6 h: 23% (95 overlapping reQTL-regulated genes out of 407)). 20% of genes are specifically reQTL-regulated after 3 h exposure to Af (95 out of 464 reQTL-regulated genes), 36% of genes are specifically reQTL-regulated after 3 h exposure to Nm (167 out of 464 reQTL-regulated genes) and 10% of genes are specifically reQTL-regulated after 3 h exposure to Sa (46 out of 464 reQTL-regulated genes) (6 h: 24% specifically reQTL-regulated genes after Af, 26% after Nm and 8% after Sa stimulation). Ctrl unstimulated, DEGs differentially expressed genes, FC fold-change. List of all DEGs is provided in Supplementary Data 1, while eQTL and reQTL data are provided in Supplementary Data 2 and 3, respectively. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.