Table 1.
Association of tumor budding (TB) with clinicopathologic tumor characteristics in the TCGA-HNSC cohort.
| Parameter | TB absent | TB weak | TB moderate | TB strong | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age | 0.92 | ||||
| ≤61 | 25 (14.2%) | 63 (35.8%) | 47 (26.7%) | 41 (23.3%) | |
| >61 | 26 (16.8%) | 55 (35.5%) | 41 (26.5%) | 33 (21.3%) | |
| Sex | 0.31 | ||||
| Female | 13 (15.3%) | 24 (28.2%) | 28 (32.9%) | 20 (23.5%) | |
| Male | 38 (15.4%) | 94 (38.2%) | 60 (24.4%) | 54 (22%) | |
| HPV | <0.001 | ||||
| Negative | 35 (12.2%) | 99 (34.6%) | 84 (29.4%) | 68 (23.8%) | |
| Positive | 16 (35.6%) | 19 (42.2%) | 4 (8.9%) | 6 (13.3%) | |
| Smoking | 0.34 | ||||
| Non-smoker | 15 (13.6%) | 43 (39.1%) | 33 (30%) | 19 (17.3%) | |
| Smoker | 34 (16.3%) | 70 (33.5%) | 53 (25.4%) | 52 (24.9%) | |
| NA | 2 | 5 | 2 | 3 | |
| AJCC stage | 0.51 | ||||
| Stage I | 2 (13.3%) | 3 (20%) | 5 (33.3%) | 5 (33.3%) | |
| Stage II | 8 (16.7%) | 19 (39.6%) | 15 (31.2%) | 6 (12.5%) | |
| Stage III | 8 (16.7%) | 20 (41.7%) | 10 (20.8%) | 10 (20.8%) | |
| Stage IV | 25 (13%) | 68 (35.2%) | 49 (25.4%) | 51 (26.4%) | |
| NA | 8 | 8 | 9 | 2 | |
| WHO grade | 0.16 | ||||
| G1 | 10 (21.7%) | 16 (34.8%) | 12 (26.1%) | 8 (17.4%) | |
| G2 | 24 (11.8%) | 78 (38.2%) | 59 (28.9%) | 43 (21.1%) | |
| G3 | 17 (21%) | 24 (29.6%) | 17 (21%) | 23 (28.4%) | |
| WHO subtype | 0.03 | ||||
| Basaloid | 8 (33.3%) | 10 (41.7%) | 4 (16.7%) | 2 (8.3%) | |
| Conventional | 42 (13.8%) | 107 (35.1%) | 84 (27.5%) | 72 (23.6%) | |
| Papillary | 0 (0%) | 1 (100%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | |
| Verrucous | 1 (100%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | |
| Brandwein–Gensler score | <0.001 | ||||
| Low | 8 (66.7%) | 4 (33.3%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | |
| Intermediate | 31 (16%) | 72 (37.1%) | 56 (28.9%) | 35 (18%) | |
| High | 8 (7.9%) | 31 (30.7%) | 25 (24.8%) | 37 (36.6%) | |
| NA | 4 | 11 | 7 | 2 | |
| pN | 0.008 | ||||
| N0 | 23 (19.2%) | 50 (41.7%) | 29 (24.2%) | 18 (15%) | |
| N1/2/3 | 19 (11.4%) | 51 (30.7%) | 48 (28.9%) | 48 (28.9%) | |
| NA | 9 | 17 | 11 | 8 | |
| pT | 0.11 | ||||
| T1/T2 | 20 (17.4%) | 33 (28.7%) | 37 (32.2%) | 25 (21.7%) | |
| T3/T4 | 24 (12.3%) | 77 (39.5%) | 46 (23.6%) | 48 (24.6%) | |
| NA | 7 | 8 | 5 | 1 | |
| cpM | 0.6 | ||||
| M0 | 49 (15.3%) | 115 (35.9%) | 84 (26.2%) | 72 (22.5%) | |
| M1 | 1 (33.3%) | 1 (33.3%) | 0 (0%) | 1 (33.3%) | |
| NA | 1 | 2 | 4 | 1 | |
| Localization | <0.001 | ||||
| Hypopharynx | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 1 (16.7%) | 5 (83.3%) | |
| Larynx | 17 (19.5%) | 27 (31%) | 27 (31%) | 16 (18.4%) | |
| Oral cavity and lips | 22 (10.9%) | 75 (37.1%) | 57 (28.2%) | 48 (23.8%) | |
| Oropharynx | 12 (33.3%) | 16 (44.4%) | 3 (8.3%) | 5 (13.9%) | |
| L1 | 0.21 | ||||
| Absent | 51 (15.8%) | 112 (34.7%) | 87 (26.9%) | 73 (22.6%) | |
| Present | 0 (0%) | 6 (75%) | 1 (12.5%) | 1 (12.5%) | |
| Pn1 | 0.14 | ||||
| Absent | 46 (17.4%) | 95 (36%) | 68 (25.8%) | 55 (20.8%) | |
| Present | 5 (7.5%) | 23 (34.3%) | 20 (29.9%) | 19 (28.4%) | |
| Margin status | 0.67 | ||||
| Negative/close | 38 (14.4%) | 87 (33.1%) | 75 (28.5%) | 63 (24%) | |
| Positive | 6 (14%) | 18 (41.9%) | 9 (20.9%) | 10 (23.3%) | |
| NA | 7 | 13 | 4 | 1 |
Significant P values are shown in bold.