. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2024 Jun 6.

Published before final editing as: Gut. 2022 Dec 6:gutjnl-2022-328174. doi: 10.1136/gutjnl-2022-328174

Table 1.

Associations between modifiable risk factors and Crohn’s disease or ulcerative colitis, and definitions for ‘low-risk’ criteria used in calculation of modifiable risk scores (MRS).

Crohn’s disease		Ulcerative Colitis
Risk Factor	“Low-Risk” Criterion for MRS	Risk Factor	“Low-Risk” Criterion for MRS
BMI⁶,15	< 30 kg/m²	BMI⁶	≥ 30 kg/m²
Smoking⁷	Never smokers	Smoking⁷	Current smokers
NSAIDs¹⁶	< 2x/week	NSAIDs¹⁶	< 2x/week
Physical activity¹⁷	Highest quintile (MET-hrs/wk)	Fruit & vegetables¹⁸	Highest quintile (servings/d)
Fruit & vegetables¹⁸	Highest quintile (servings/d)	Red meat^22,23	Lowest quintile (servings/d)
Fiber^19,20	Highest quintile (grams/d)	n3:n6 PUFA²¹	Highest quintile (servings/d)

BMI Body mass index. MET Metabolic equivalent of task. NSAIDs Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. PUFA Polyunsaturated fatty acid.