Table 2.
Preventable fraction of CD and UC cases due to American healthy lifestyle recommendations.
| NHS/NHSII/HPFS | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Crohn’s Disease | ||||
| Healthy lifestyle score a | Cases | Prevalence | aHR (95% CI) b | PAR (95% CI) c |
| 7–9 | 5 | 4.24% | 1.00 (ref) | 61.1% (16.8 – 84.9%) |
| 6 | 29 | 7.44% | 3.13 (1.21–8.09) | |
| 5 | 37 | 16.50% | 1.67 (0.65–4.26) | |
| 4 | 92 | 26.06% | 2.58 (1.05–6.37) | |
| 3 | 91 | 25.59% | 2.57 (1.04–6.34) | |
| 2 | 71 | 15.18% | 3.42 (1.38–8.51) | |
| 0–1 | 21 | 4.99% | 3.01 (1.13–8.02) | |
| Ptrend | 0.004 | |||
| Ulcerative Colitis | ||||
| Healthy lifestyle score a | Cases | Prevalence | aHR (95% CI) b | PAR (95% CI) c |
| 7–9 | 10 | 4.24% | 1.00 (ref) | 42.2% (1.7 – 70.9%) |
| 6 | 30 | 7.44% | 1.58 (0.77–3.23) | |
| 5 | 71 | 16.50% | 1.61 (0.83–3.13) | |
| 4 | 109 | 26.06% | 1.50 (0.78–2.87) | |
| 3 | 132 | 25.59% | 1.85 (0.97–3.53) | |
| 2 | 72 | 15.18% | 1.72 (0.88–3.34) | |
| 0–1 | 32 | 4.99% | 2.39 (1.17–4.87) | |
| Ptrend | 0.02 | |||
| SMC/CoSM | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Crohn’s Disease | ||||
| Healthy lifestyle score a | Cases | Prevalence | aHR (95% CI) b | PAR (95% CI) c |
| 7–9 | 2 | 2.62% | 1.00 (ref) | 48.8% (−37.4 – 89.8%) |
| 6 | 16 | 10.19% | 1.99 (0.46–8.66) | |
| 5 | 34 | 23.32% | 1.86 (0.45–7.74) | |
| 4 | 36 | 30.88% | 1.51 (0.36–6.27) | |
| 3 | 39 | 22.31% | 2.27 (0.55–9.41) | |
| 2 | 19 | 8.79% | 2.85 (0.66–12.23) | |
| 0–1 | 4 | 1.89% | 2.77 (0.51–15.14) | |
| Ptrend | 0.08 | |||
| Ulcerative Colitis | ||||
| Healthy lifestyle score a | Cases | Prevalence | aHR (95% CI) b | PAR (95% CI) c |
| 7–9 | 4 | 2.62% | 1.00 (ref) | 56.3% (1.3 – 85.1%) |
| 6 | 21 | 10.19% | 1.27 (0.44–3.70) | |
| 5 | 79 | 23.32% | 2.10 (0.77–5.72) | |
| 4 | 123 | 30.88% | 2.52 (0.93–6.83) | |
| 3 | 82 | 22.31% | 2.35 (0.86–6.41) | |
| 2 | 41 | 8.79% | 3.03 (1.09–8.46) | |
| 0–1 | 9 | 1.89% | 3.05 (0.94–9.89) | |
| Ptrend | 0.0004 | |||
| EPIC | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Crohn’s Disease | ||||
| Healthy lifestyle score a | Cases | Prevalence | aHR (95% CI) b | PAR (95% CI) c |
| 7–9 | 4 | 6.50% | 1.00 (ref) | 60.4% (4.1 – 87.6%) |
| 6 | 17 | 12.48% | 2.13 (0.71 – 6.34) | |
| 5 | 18 | 22.62% | 1.21 (0.41 – 3.57) | |
| 4 | 52 | 27.40% | 2.82 (1.02 – 7.81) | |
| 3 | 43 | 20.45% | 3.09 (1.11 – 8.63) | |
| 2 | 12 | 8.86% | 1.97 (0.64 – 6.12) | |
| 0–1 | 4 | 1.69% | 3.43 (0.86 – 13.76) | |
| Ptrend | 0.005 | |||
| Ulcerative Colitis | ||||
| Healthy lifestyle score a | Cases | Prevalence | aHR (95% CI) b | PAR (95% CI) c |
| 7–9 | 13 | 6.50% | 1.00 (ref) | 46.8% (9.7 – 72.5%) |
| 6 | 29 | 12.48% | 1.21 (0.62 – 2.38) | |
| 5 | 65 | 22.62% | 1.45 (0.78 – 2.68) | |
| 4 | 123 | 27.40% | 2.20 (1.22 – 3.98) | |
| 3 | 103 | 20.45% | 2.43 (1.34 – 4.42) | |
| 2 | 44 | 8.86% | 2.37 (1.25 – 4.48) | |
| 0–1 | 7 | 1.69% | 1.97 (0.78 – 4.99) | |
| Ptrend | <0.001 | |||
a
Maximum value set to 7+ given few participants with scores of 8–9 in primary cohort.
b
Cox models adjusted for baseline age (years) and cohort (NHS, NHSII, HPFS, SMC, CoSM).
c
PAR for HLS ≤ 6 compared to reference category (7–9), adjusted for age (<40, 40 ≤ age <60, ≥ 60 years) and cohort. CD Crohn’s Disease. CI Confidence Interval. aHR Multivariable-adjusted Hazard Ratio. PAR Population Attributable Risk. UC Ulcerative Colitis.