Table 2.
Rigorous Studies Comprising the Evidence Base for Psychosocial Treatments of Disruptive Behavior among Adolescents (by Treatment Approacha)
| Target Treatment [Treatment Formatb] | Study Authorsc | Sample Typed [Country] | Demographic Characteristicse,f | Therapists [Setting] | Treatment Conditionsg | Types of Disruptive Behavior Measuresh | Assessment Point(s) Post-Baseline (in Months) | Significant Differences Favoring Target Treatmenti | Supportive of Target Treatment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| |||||||||
| Animal Assisted Therapy | |||||||||
|
| |||||||||
| Teacher’s Pet (TP): Dogs and Kids Learning Together [Youth Group] | (Seivert et al., 2018)† | JJ Youth in detention facilities [United States] | Age 13–18 yrs (M = 15.7) Male = 70% Ethnicity: 46% W, 44% AA, 4% H, 3% Mixed, 3% Other |
Certified dog trainers [Detention facility] | Dog walking (n = 55) TP (n = 83) |
S, T | 2.5 | 0/2 | Not Superior to Active Placebo/Treatment |
|
| |||||||||
| Behavior Therapy or Parenting Skills | |||||||||
|
| |||||||||
| Family Check-Up (FCU) [Parent Individual] | (Ghaderi, Kadesjö, Björnsdotte, & Enebrink, 2018)c† | Youth with disruptive behavior (rated by parents or teachers [Sweden] | Age 10–13 yrs (M = NR) Male = NR Ethnicity: NR |
Professional therapists [Clinic] | iComet (n = 109) FCU (n = 122) |
P, S, T | 2.5, 12, 24 | 4/16 | Not Superior to Active Placebo/Treatment |
|
| |||||||||
| Parenting Toolkit [Parent Self-Directed] | (Irvine, Gelatt, Hammond, & Seeley, 2015)† | Youth with behavior problems [United States] | Age 11–14 yrs (M = 13.1) Male = 53% Ethnicity: 40% AA, 29% C, 29% H, 1% Asian |
Self-Directed [Computer] | Waitlist (n = 152) Parenting Toolkit (n = 155) |
P | 1 | 1/2 | Superior to Waitlist/No Treatment |
|
| |||||||||
| Positive Family Support-Family Check-Up (formerly Adolescent Transitions Program (ATP)) [Family & Parent Groups] | (Irvine et al., 1999) | Youth with disruptive behavior referred by schools or community social workers [United States] | Age M = 12.2 Male = 61% Ethnicity: 88% C, 12% NR |
Paraprofessional [Clinic] | Waitlist (n = 152) ATP (n = 151) |
P | 3, 6, 9, 15 | 2/5 | Not Superior to Waitlist/No Treatment |
|
| |||||||||
| Positive Family Support-Family Check-Up (formerly Adolescent Transitions Program (ATP)) [Family & Parent Groups Only] | (Dishion & Andrews, 1995) | Youth with disruptive behavior [United States] | Age 10–14 yrs (M = 12.4) Male = 53% Ethnicity: 95% C, Remainder NR |
Professional and parent co-leader [Setting NR] | Self-directed Parenting Bibliotherapy (n = 29) ATP-Parent Only (n = 26) |
P, T | 4, 16 | 1/4 | Not Superior to Active Placebo/Treatment |
|
| |||||||||
| Positive Family Support-Family Check-Up (formerly Adolescent Transitions Program (ATP)) [Youth Group Only] | See Dishion & Andrews (1995) above | See above | See above | Therapists NR [Setting NR] | Self-directed Parenting Bibliotherapy (n = 29) ATP-Youth Only (n = 32) |
P, T | 4, 16 | 0/4 | Not Superior to Active Placebo/Treatment |
|
| |||||||||
| Positive Family Support-Family Check-Up (formerly Adolescent Transitions Program (ATP)) [Family & Parent Groups + Youth Group] | See Dishion & Andrews (1995) above | See above | See above | Professional and parent co-leader + therapists [Setting NR] | Self-directed Parenting Bibliotherapy (n = 29) ATP-Parent and Youth (n = 31) |
P, T | 4, 16 | 0/4 | Not Superior to Active Placebo/Treatment |
|
| |||||||||
| Cognitive-Behavior Therapy (CBT) | |||||||||
|
| |||||||||
| Aggression Replacement Training + Positive Peer Culture (Equipping Youth to Help One Another (EQUIP)) [Youth Group] | (Leeman, et al., 1993) | JJ Youth in correctional placement for nonviolent crime [United States] | Age 15–18 yrs (M = 16.0) Male = 100% Ethnicity: 67% C, 32% AA, 1% H |
Paraprofessionals (Facility staff) [Detention facility] | TAU juvenile justice facility (n = 37) EQUIP (n = 20) |
R | 6, 12 | 1/2 | Superior to Active Placebo/Treatment |
|
| |||||||||
| Cognitive Mediation [Youth Group] | (Guerra & Slaby, 1990) | JJ Youth incarcerated for violent crime [United States] | Age 15–18 yrs (M = 17.0) Male = 50% Ethnicity: Primarily AA & H |
Students [Detention facility] | Attention control group (academic skills) (n = 40) No treatment (n = 40) Cognitive Mediation (n = 40) |
R, T R, T |
4, 24 4, 24 |
1/2 1/2 |
Superior to Active Placebo/Treatment Superior to Waitlist/No Treatment |
|
| |||||||||
| Engage in Education-London (EIE-L) [Family, Youth Group, & Youth Individual] | (Obsuth et al., 2017)c† | Youth with disruptive behavior (rated by teachers) [United Kingdom] | Age 12–15 yrs (M = 14.0) Male = 71% Ethnicity: 25% British European, 5% Other European, 40% Black African, 13% Asian, 2% Latin American, 11% Mixed |
Therapists NR [Home & School] | No treatment (n = 306) EIE-L (n = 300) |
R, S, T | 4 | 0/9 | Not Superior to Waitlist/No Treatment |
|
| |||||||||
| New Perspectives Aftercare Program (NPAP) [Youth Individual] | (James et al., 2016)c† | JJ Youth releasing from detention at medium-high recidivism risk [The Netherlands] | Age 15–26 yrs (M = 19.54) Male = 97% Ethnicity: 16% Dutch, 35% non-Western Immigrant, 28% Caribbean, 21% Other |
Youth care workers [Setting NR] | TAU (n = 61) NPAP (n = 66) |
S | 9 | 0/1 | Not Superior to Active Placebo/Treatment |
|
| |||||||||
| Preventing HIV/AIDS among Teens (PHAT Life) [Youth Group] | (Kendall et al., 2017)† | JJ Youth with elevated aggression [United States] | Age 13–17 yrs (M = 15.8) Male = 65% Ethnicity: 90% AA, 10% H |
Trained facilitators [Evening Reporting Centers] | Health promotion group (n = 43) PHAT Life (n = 28) |
S | 6, 12 | 2/3 | Superior to Active Placebo/Treatment |
|
| |||||||||
| SafERteens: Delivered by Therapists In Person [Youth Individual] | (Walton et al., 2010) | Youth in emergency room who screened positive for violence and alcohol use [United States] | Age 14–18 yrs (M = 16.8) Male = 44% Ethnicity: 39% C, 56% AA, 7% H |
Professional social workers [Emergency Room] | No treatment (brochure) (n = 235) Therapist delivered SafERteens (n = 254) |
S | 3, 6 | 4/12 | Not Superior to Waitlist/No Treatment |
| Same sample 1 yr post-treatment | (Cunningham, Foster, & Warner, 2010) | S | 12 | 2/3 | Superior to Waitlist/No Treatment | ||||
|
| |||||||||
| SafERteens: Delivered by Computer [Youth Self-Directed] | See Walton et al., (2010) above | See above | See above | Youth Self-Directed [Computer in Emergency Room] | No treatment (brochure) (n = 235) Computer delivered SafERteens (n = 237) |
S | 3, 6 | 1/12 | Not Superior to Waitlist/No Treatment |
| Same sample 1 yr post-treatment | See Cunningham et al., (2010) above | S | 12 | 0/3 | Not Superior to Waitlist/No Treatment | ||||
|
| |||||||||
| Social Cognitive Intervention [Youth Group] | (Singh, 2017)† | Youth with elevated aggressive behavior [India] | Age 12–15 yrs (M = 13.4) Male = 56% Ethnicity: NR |
Therapists NR [School] | Attention control group (n = 63) Social Cognitive Intervention (n = 63) |
S | 1.5 | 1/1 | Superior to Active Placebo/Treatment |
|
| |||||||||
| Solution-Focused Group Program [Youth Group] | (Shin, 2009) | JJ Youth on probation [South Korea] | Age M = 17.0 Male = NR Ethnicity: NR |
Professional social workers [Setting NR] | Individual supportive sessions (n = 20) Solution-Focused Group Program (n = 20) |
S | 1.5 | 1/1 | Superior to Active Placebo/Treatment |
|
| |||||||||
| Think Cool Act Cool Emotion Regulation Training [Youth Individual] | (te Brinke et al., 2021)† | Youth with disruptive behavior (rated by teachers) [The Netherlands] | Age 12–15 yrs (M = NR) Male = 71% Ethnicity: 40% Dutch, 60% Non-Dutch |
Professional psychologist and social workers [School] | No treatment (n = 51) Think Cool Act Cool (n = 57 |
P, S, T | 4 | 0/3 | Not Superior to Waitlist/No Treatment |
|
| |||||||||
| Combined Behavior Therapy and Attachment-Based Approach | |||||||||
|
| |||||||||
| Connect [Family & Parent Groups] | (Barone et al., 2021)† | Youth with disruptive behavior [Italy] | Age 12–18 yrs (M = 14.89) Male = 60% Ethnicity: 89% Italian |
Certified program leaders [Clinic] | TAU (n = 50) Connect (n = 50) |
P, S | 3, 4 | 4/4 | Superior to Active Placebo/Treatment |
|
| |||||||||
| Combined Behavior Therapy and Cognitive-Behavior Therapy (CBT) | |||||||||
|
| |||||||||
| Rational-Emotive Behaviour Therapy (REBT) [Youth Group] | (Kumar, 2009) | Youth with conduct disorder [India] | Age 11–18 yrs (M = NR) Male = 50% Ethnicity: 100% Indian |
Therapists NR [School] | No treatment (n = 100) REBT (n = 100) |
S | 3 | 1/1 | Superior to Waitlist/No Treatment |
|
| |||||||||
| Support to Reunite, Involve, and Value Each Other (STRIVE) [Family] | (Milburn et al., 2012) | Youth who had run away from home [United States] | Age 12–17 yrs (M = 14.8) Male = 34% Ethnicity: 11% C, 21% AA, 62% H |
Therapists NR [Home] | Continued care from referral agency or referral to community program (n = 83)j STRIVE (n = 68) |
S | 12 | 1/1 | Superior to Waitlist/No Treatment |
|
| |||||||||
| Combined Behavior Therapy and Family Therapy | |||||||||
|
| |||||||||
| Familias Unidas [Family Group & Family] | (Pantin et al., 2009) | Youth with disruptive behavior (rated by teachers, parents) [United States] | Age 8th grade (M = 13.8) Male = 64% Ethnicity: 100% H |
Master’s and PhD Professionals [Setting NR] | Referrals to community programs (n = 104)j Familias Unidas (n = 109) |
P | 30 | 1/2 | Superior to Waitlist/No Treatment |
|
| |||||||||
| Combined Behavior Therapy, Cognitive-Behavior Therapy (CBT), and Family Therapy | |||||||||
|
| |||||||||
| Functional Family Therapy (FFT) [Family] | (Alexander & Parsons, 1973) | JJ Youth arrested or detained for behavioral offense [United States] | Age 13–16 yrs (M = NR) Male = 44% Ethnicity: NR |
Students [Clinic] | Client-centered family groups (n = 19) Psychodynamic family therapy (n = 11) No treatment (n =10) FFT (n = 46) |
R | 18 | 1/2 | Superior to Active Placebo/Treatment |
|
| |||||||||
| Functional Family Therapy (FFT) [Family] | (Sexton & Turner, 2010) | JJ Youth sentenced to probation [United States] | Age 13–17 yrs (Mdn = 15.0) Male = 79% Ethnicity: 78% C, 10% AA, 3% Nat A, 5% Asian |
Professional therapists [Home] | TAU probation services (n = 331) FFT-high adherent therapists (n = 211) |
R | 12 | 1/1 | Superior to Waitlist/No Treatment |
|
| |||||||||
| Functional Family Therapy (FFT) [Family] | (Hartnett, Carr, & Sexton, 2016)† | Youth with behavior problems [Ireland] | Age M = 14.0 Male = 60% Ethnicity: 100% Irish |
Professional therapists [Home & Clinic] | Waitlist (n = 55) FFT (n = 42) |
P, S | 5 | 2/3 | Superior to Waitlist/No Treatment |
|
| |||||||||
| Functional Family Therapy (FFT) [Family] | (Humayun et al., 2017)c† | JJ Youth sentenced for offending or with recent police contact for antisocial behavior [United Kingdom] | Age 10–18 yrs (M = 15.0) Male = 70% Ethnicity: 90% White British, 10% non-White British |
Master’s Professionals [Home] | TAU (n = 46) FFT (n = 65) |
P, R, S | 6, 18 | 0/10 | Not Superior to Active Placebo/Treatment |
|
| |||||||||
| Functional Family Therapy (FFT) [Family] | (Gan et al., 2021)c† | JJ Youth on community supervision [Singapore] | Age 13–18 yrs (M = 16.2) Male = 89% Ethnicity: NR |
Professional therapists [Home] | TAU (n = 57) FFT (n = 63) |
R | 20 | 1/1 | Superior to Active Placebo/Treatment |
|
| |||||||||
| Multisystemic Therapy (MST) [Family, Parent Individual, Youth Individual] | (Henggeler, et al., 1992) | JJ Youth at risk of placement for serious criminal activity [United States] | Age M = 15.2 Male = 77% Ethnicity: 42% C, 56% AA |
Master’s Professionals [Home] | TAU probation services (n = 41) MST (n = 43) |
P, R, S | 3.25, 14.75 | 4/5 | Superior to Waitlist/No Treatment |
| Same sample M = 2.4 yrs post-referral | (Henggeler, Melton, Smith, Schoenwald, & Hanley, 1993) | R | 28.8 | 1/1 | Superior to Waitlist/No Treatment | ||||
|
| |||||||||
| Multisystemic Therapy (MST) [Family, Parent Individual, Youth Individual] | (Borduin, et al., 1995) | JJ Youth in court for serious and chronic offending [United States] | Age 12–17 yrs (M = 15.0) Male = 69% Ethnicity: 76% C, 22% AA, 1% H, 1% Asian |
Students [Home] | Individual therapy (blend of psychodynamic, client-centered, and behavioral) (n = 84) MST (n = 92) |
P, R, T | 6 | 3/4 | Superior to Active Placebo/Treatment |
| Same sample M = 13.7 yrs post-treatment | (Schaeffer & Borduin, 2005) | R | 164.4 | 5/6 | Superior to Active Placebo/Treatment | ||||
| Same sample M = 21.9 yrs post-treatment | (Sawyer & Borduin, 2011) | R | 262.8 | 9/16 | Superior to Active Placebo/Treatment | ||||
|
| |||||||||
| Multisystemic Therapy (MST) [Family, Parent Individual, Youth Individual] | (Henggeler, et al., 1997) | JJ Youth at risk of placement for violent or chronic offenses [United States] | Age 10–17 yrs (M = 15.2) Male = 82% Ethnicity: 19% C, 81% AA |
Master’s Professionals [Home] | Usual community services (n = 73) MST delivered with low adherence (n = 82) |
P, R, S | 4.1, 20.4 | 1/7 | Not Superior to Active Placebo/Treatment |
|
| |||||||||
| Multisystemic Therapy (MST) [Family, Parent Individual, Youth Individual] | (Henggeler, et al., 1999) | JJ Youth on probation with disruptive behavior who had substance abuse disorders [United States] | Age 12–17 yrs (M = 15.7) Male = 79% Ethnicity: 47% C, 50% AA, 1% H, 1% Asian |
Master’s Professionals [Home] | Usual community services (n = 59) MST delivered with low adherence (n = 59) |
R, S | 4.3, 10.3 | 0/2 | Not Superior to Active Placebo/Treatment |
| Same sample 4 yrs post-treatment | (Henggeler, Clingempeel, Brondino, & Pickrel, 2002) | R, S | 52.3 | 2/4 | Superior to Active Placebo/Treatment | ||||
|
| |||||||||
| Multisystemic Therapy (MST) [Family, Parent Individual, Youth Individual] | (Ogden & Halliday-Boykins, 2004)c | JJ Youth with serious disruptive behavior [Norway] | Age 12–17 yrs (M = 15.0) Male = 63% Ethnicity: 95% Norwegian background |
Bachelors and Master’s Professionals [Home] | Usual child welfare services (n = 38) MST (n = 62) |
P, S, T | 6 | 2/3 | Superior to Active Placebo/Treatment |
| Same sample 2 yrs post-recruitment | (Ogden & Hagen, 2006)c | P, S, T | 24 | 3/8 | Not Superior to Active Placebo/Treatment | ||||
|
| |||||||||
| Multisystemic Therapy (MST) [Family, Parent Individual, Youth Individual] | (Timmons-Mitchell, et al., 2006)c | JJ Youth at risk of placement for felony offenses [United States] | Age 12–17 yrs (M = 15.1) Male = 88% Ethnicity: 78% C, 16% AA, 4% H |
Master’s Professionals [Home] | Usual community services (n = 45) MST (n = 48) |
R | 6, 12, 24 | 5/6 | Superior to Active Placebo/Treatment |
|
| |||||||||
| Multisystemic Therapy (MST) [Family, Parent Individual, Youth Individual] | (Sundell, et al., 2008)c | Youth with conduct disorder, referred by child welfare system [Sweden] | Age 12–17 yrs (M = 15.0) Male = 61% Ethnicity: 53% Swedish, 16% European, 9% African, 19% Asian |
Bachelors and Master’s Professionals [Home] | TAU child welfare services in Sweden (n = 77) MST delivered with low adherence (n = 79) |
P, R, S | 7 | 0/7 | Not Superior to Active Placebo/Treatment |
|
| |||||||||
| Multisystemic Therapy (MST) [Family, Parent Individual, Youth Individual] | (Glisson, et al., 2010) | JJ Youth offenders at risk of placement [United States] | Age 9–17 yrs (M = 14.9) Male = 69% Ethnicity: 91% C, 5% AA, 1% H, 1% Nat A |
Master’s and other Professionals [Home] | TAU (n = 299) MST (n = 316) |
P | 6, 18 | 1/4 | Not Superior to Active Placebo/Treatment |
|
| |||||||||
| Multisystemic Therapy (MST) [Family, Parent Individual, Youth Individual] | (Butler, et al., 2011)c | JJ Youth offenders [United Kingdom] | Age 13–17 yrs (M = 15.0) Male = 82% Ethnicity: 38% White British/European; 33% Black African/Afro-Caribbean British; 5% Asian British |
Master’s Professionals [Home] | Youth Offending Teams (n = 52) MST (n = 56) |
P, R, S | 6, 18 | 7/14 | Superior to Active Placebo/Treatment |
|
| |||||||||
| Multisystemic Therapy (MST) [Family, Parent Individual, Youth Individual] | (Asscher, et al., 2013)c | JJ Youth with severe and violent disruptive behavior [The Netherlands] | Age 12–18 yrs (M = 16.0) Male = 73% Ethnicity: 55% Dutch; 15% Moroccan; 14% Surinamese |
Therapist NR [Home] | TAU (n = 109) MST (n = 147) |
P, S | 6 | 5/6 | Superior to Active Placebo/Treatment |
| Same sample 3 yrs post-baseline | (Asscher et al., 2014)c | P, R, S | 12, 24, 36 | 5/15 | Not Superior to Active Placebo/Treatment | ||||
|
| |||||||||
| Multisystemic Therapy (MST) [Family, Parent Individual, Youth Individual] | (Weiss, et al., 2013)c | Youth in self-contained behavior intervention classrooms; Note that this diverges from other MST studies [United States] | Age 11–18 yrs (M = 14.6) Male = 83% Ethnicity: 40% C, 60% AA |
Bachelors and Master’s Professionals [Home & School] | Behaviorally focused classroom management plan (n = 80) MST + Behaviorally focused classroom management plan (n = 84) |
P, S, T | 18, 30 | 2/4 | Superior to Active Placebo/Treatment |
|
| |||||||||
| Multisystemic Therapy (MST) [Family, Parent Individual, Youth Individual] | (Fonagy et al., 2018)c† | Youth with moderate to severe antisocial behavior [United Kingdom] | Age 11–17 yrs (M = 13) Male = 63% Ethnicity: 79% White British/European, 10% Black African/Afro-Caribbean, 2% Asian, 7% Mixed/Other |
Therapist NR [Home] | TAU (n = 342) MST (n = 342) |
P, R, S | 6, 12, 18 | 1/17 | Not Superior to Active Placebo/Treatment |
| Same sample 5 yrs post-baseline | (Fonagy et al., 2020)c† | P, R, S | 36, 48, 60 | 0/14 | Not Superior to Active Placebo/Treatment | ||||
|
| |||||||||
| Non-Violent Resistance (NVR) [Family] | (Weinblatt & Omer, 2008) | Youth with disruptive behavior [Israel] | Age 4–17 yrs (M = 12.6) Male = 68% Ethnicity: NR |
Professional therapists [Clinic and Phone] | Waitlist (n = 20) NVR (n = 21) |
P | 1 | 2/2 | Superior to Waitlist/No Treatment |
|
| |||||||||
| Treatment Foster Care Oregon (TFCO; formerly Multidimensional Treatment Foster Care (MTFC)) [Family & Youth Individual] | (Chamberlain & Reid, 1998) | JJ Youth mandated to placement for serious delinquency [United States] | Age 12–17 yrs (M = 14.9) Male = 100% Ethnicity: 85% C, 6% AA, 6% H, 3% Nat A |
Trained foster parents, case managers, and therapists [Home] | TAU juvenile justice group care (n = 42) TFCO (n = 37) |
R, S | 12 | 4/4 | Superior to Active Placebo/Treatment |
| Same sample 2 yrs post-baseline | (Eddy, et al., 2004) | R, S | 24 | 4/4 | Superior to Active Placebo/Treatment | ||||
|
| |||||||||
| Treatment Foster Care Oregon (TFCO; formerly Multidimensional Treatment Foster Care (MTFC)) [Family & Youth Individual] | (Leve, et al., 2005) | JJ Youth mandated to placement for serious delinquency [United States] | Age 13–17 yrs (M = 15.3) Male = 0% Ethnicity: 74% C, 2% AA, 9% H, 1% Asian, 12% Nat A |
Trained foster parents, case managers, and therapists [Home] | TAU juvenile justice group care (n = 44) TFCO (n = 37) |
P, R, S | 12 | 2/4 | Superior to Active Placebo/Treatment |
| Same sample 2 yrs post-baseline | (Chamberlain, et al., 2007) | R, S | 24 | 2/2 | Superior to Active Placebo/Treatment | ||||
|
| |||||||||
| Treatment Foster Care Oregon (TFCO; formerly Multidimensional Treatment Foster Care (MTFC)) [Family & Youth Individual] | (Westermark, et al., 2011)c | JJ Youth with conduct disorder and risk of placement [Sweden] | Age 12–18 yrs (M = 15.4) Male = 51% Ethnicity: 74% Swedish, 26% Immigrant |
Trained foster parents, case managers, and therapists [Home] | TAU (n = 15) TFCO (n = 20) |
P, S | 24 | 3/4 | Superior to Active Placebo/Treatment |
|
| |||||||||
| Treatment Foster Care Oregon (TFCO; formerly Multidimensional Treatment Foster Care (MTFC)) [Family & Youth Individual] | (Hansson & Olsson, 2012)c | JJ Youth with conduct disorder and risk of placement [Sweden] | Age 12–17 yrs (M = 15.0) Male = 61% Ethnicity: 65% Swedish, 35% Immigrant |
Trained foster parents, case managers, and therapists [Home] | TAU (n = 27) TFCO (n = 19) |
P, S | 12, 24 | 2/6 | Not Superior to Active Placebo/Treatment |
|
| |||||||||
| Usual Care Family Therapy [Family & Parent Individual] | (Hogue et al., 2015)† | Youth with oppositional defiant disorder or conduct disorder [United States] | Age 12–18 yrs (M = 15.3) Male = 50% Ethnicity: 64% H, 20% AA, 17% Mixed/Other |
Professional Therapist [Clinic] | Usual Care Other (n = NR) Usual Care Family Therapy (n = NR) Total Study (n = 205) |
P, S | 12 | 1/3 | Not Superior to Active Placebo/Treatment |
|
| |||||||||
| Combined Cognitive-Behavior Therapy (CBT), African Culture Reflective Identity and Life Skill Development, Case Management, and Peer Mentoring | |||||||||
|
| |||||||||
| Redemption Reintegration Services (RRS) [Youth Group & Youth Individual] | (Beausoleil et al., 2017)† | JJ Youth releasing from prison [Canada] | Age 16–24 yrs (Intervention M = 19.5; Control M = 18.8) Male = 89% Ethnicity: 100% African Canadian |
Case worker, housing worker, job counselor, resource developer, and nurse practitioner [Setting NR] | Usual reintegration services (n = 115) RRS (n = 115) |
S | 9 | 4/4 | Superior to Active Placebo/Treatment |
|
| |||||||||
| Interpersonal Therapy | |||||||||
|
| |||||||||
| Group Interpersonal Therapy (G-IPT) [Youth Group] | (Li et al., 2019)c† | Youth with elevated aggressive behavior [China] | Age 18–19 yrs (M = NR) Male = 53% Ethnicity. NR |
Therapist NR [Setting NR] | No treatment (n = 30) G-IPT (n = 30) |
S | 8 | 1/1 | Superior to Waitlist/No Treatment |
Notes: New papers added to this table since completion of the prior review by McCart and Sheidow (2016) are denoted by a superscript † symbol.
a
Approach refers to Animal Assisted Therapy; Behavior Therapy or Parenting Skills; Cognitive-Behavior Therapy (CBT); Combined Behavior Therapy and Attachment-Based; Combined Behavior Therapy and Cognitive-Behavior Therapy (CBT); Combined Behavior Therapy and Family Therapy; Combined Behavior Therapy, Cognitive-Behavior Therapy (CBT), and Family Therapy; Combined Cognitive-Behavior Therapy (CBT), African Culture Reflective Identity and Life Skill Development, Case Management, and Peer Mentoring; and Interpersonal Therapy
b
Format refers to Family, Family Group, Parent Group, Parent Individual, Youth Group, and/or Youth Individual.
c
Indicates studies that are by investigators independent from the treatment developers.
d
Samples denoted as JJ contain primarily juvenile justice-involved participants.
e
NR = Not Reported
f
Primary ethnicities are reported. AA = African American; C = Caucasian; H = Hispanic; Nat A = Native American.
g
TAU = Treatment as Usual
h
P = Parent- or caregiver-report; R = Official records; S = Self-report; T = Teacher-report.
i
This column indicates the number of disruptive behavior measures in the study that showed a statistically significant (p < .05) between-group difference favoring the target treatment. For example, an entry of 2/3 would indicate that the study included 3 measures of disruptive behavior and that the experimental treatment showed significantly better outcomes than the control condition on 2 of the measures.
j
Although referrals were made to community programs, no information was provided on participants’ actual receipt of services.