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. 2023 May 23;14:1165583. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1165583

TABLE 5.

Single-factor and multifactor analyses with PFDs as dependent variables and general conditions and obstetrical characteristics of parturient as independent variables (A–F): POP, pelvic organ prolapse; UI, urinary incontinence; PFD, pelvic floor dysfunction; OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval.

(A) Anterior POP
PFD/factor Single-factor analysis Multifactor analysis
Yes No p-value (Z/χ2) OR (95% CI) p-value
Anterior POP 1,194 322
Age 28.7 ± 3.8 29.3 ± 4.2 0.034 (2.120) 0.999 (0.961–1.039) 0.973
BMI 23.4 ± 3.0 23.7 ± 3.4 0.281 (1.078) 1.018 (0.976–1.062) 0.408
Gravidity 1.7 ± 1.0 1.8 ± 1.1 0.031 (2.156) 0.950 (0.804–1.122) 0.547
Parity 1.3 ± 0.5 1.3 ± 0.4 0.499 (0.676) 1.546 (1.052–2.271) 0.027
Vaginal delivery 91.7% (810/883) 8.3% (73/883) 0.000 (212.747) 7.850 (5.804–10.617) 0.000
Fetal birth weight 3.3 ± 0.5 3.3 ± 0.5 0.461 (0.737) 1.092 (0.838–1.425) 0.514
(B) Posterior POP
PFD/factor Single-factor analysis Multifactor analysis
Yes No p-value (Z/χ2) OR (95% CI) p-value
Posterior POP 204 1,312
Age 29.3 ± 3.8 28.8 ± 3.9 0.033 (2.128) 1.056 (1.007–1.108) 0.026
BMI 23.6 ± 2.9 23.5 ± 3.2 0.546 (0.604) 1.039 (0.987–1.094) 0.143
Gravidity 1.8 ± 1.1 1.7 ± 1.0 0.351 (0.932) 1.013 (0.826–1.243) 0.899
Parity 1.3 ± 0.5 1.3 ± 0.5 0.076 (1.772) 1.397 (0.889–2.198) 0.147
Vaginal delivery 19.5% (172/883) 80.5 (711/883) 0.000 (65.865) 5.990 (3.953–9.077) 0.000
Fetal birth weight 3.4 ± 0.5 3.3 ± 0.5 0.076 (1.776) 1.465 (1.041–2.062) 0.028
(C) Apical POP
PFD/factor Single-factor analysis Multifactor analysis
Yes No p-value (Z/χ2) OR (95% CI) p-value
Apical POP 119 1,397
Age 28.9 ± 4.7 28.8 ± 3.8 0.588 (0.542) 0.989 (0.933–1.048) 0.702
BMI 23.5 ± 3.1 23.5 ± 3.1 0.752 (0.316) 1.003 (0.943–1.067) 0.902
Gravidity 1.9 ± 1.1 1.7 ± 1.0 0.013 (2.494) 0.771 (0.467–1.271) 0.308
Parity 1.2 ± 0.4 1.3 ± 0.5 0.645 (0.461)
Frequency of pregnancy loss 0.7 ± 1.0 0.4 ± 0.8 0.000 (3.538) 1.853 (1.060–3.237) 0.030
Vaginal delivery 7.8% (69/883) 92.2% (814/883) 0.952 (0.004) 1.023 (0.686–1.527) 0.909
Fetal birth weight 3.3 ± 0.5 3.3 ± 0.5 0.314 (1.007) 0.803 (0.546–1.181) 0.265
(D) Stage II POP (anterior and posterior)
PFD/factor Single-factor analysis Multifactor analysis
Yes No p-value (Z/χ2) OR (95% CI) p-value
Stage II POP (anterior and posterior) 74 1,442
Age 29.5 ± 3.6 28.8 ± 3.9 0.047 (1.989) 1.020 (0.946–1.100) 0.611
BMI 23.4 ± 3.0 23.5 ± 3.1 0.980 (0.025) 1.008 (0.928–1.095) 0.847
Gravidity 1.9 ± 1.0 1.7 ± 1.0 0.015 (2.433) 0.824 (0.578–1.174) 0.284
Parity 1.5 ± 0.5 1.3 ± 0.5 0.000 (4.486) 4.162 (2.125–8.152) 0.000
Vaginal delivery 7.4% (65/883) 92.6% (818/883) 0.000 (28.013) 7.636 (3.662–15.919) 0.000
Fetal birth weight 3.4 ± 0.4 3.3 ± 0.5 0.856 (0.181) 1.113 (0.656–1.886) 0.692
(E) UI during this pregnancy
PFD/factor Single-factor analysis Multifactor analysis
Yes No p-value (Z/χ2) OR (95% CI) p-value
UI during this pregnancy 286 1,230
Age 29.3 ± 3.9 28.7 ± 3.9 0.006 (2.738) 1.038 (0.999–1.079) 0.055
BMI 23.6 ± 3.2 23.4 ± 3.1 0.378 (0.881) 1.013 (0.972–1.057) 0.531
Gravidity 1.8 ± 1.1 1.7 ± 1.0 0.148 (1.448) 1.051 (0.892–1.239) 0.550
Parity 1.3 ± 0.5 1.3 ± 0.5 0.269 (1.104) 0.891 (0.610–1.301) 0.550
Fetal birth weight 3.3 ± 0.5 3.3 ± 0.5 0.342 (0.949) 1.049 (0.801–1.374) 0.727
(F) UI after this pregnancy
PFD/factor Single-factor analysis Multifactor analysis
Yes No p-value (Z/χ2) OR (95% CI) p-value
UI after this pregnancy 179 1,337
Age 29.3 ± 3.8 28.8 ± 3.9 0.028 (2.199) 1.066 (1.014–1.120) 0.013
BMI 24.1 ± 3.3 23.4 ± 3.1 0.003 (2.982) 1.117 (1.060–1.177) 0.000
Gravidity 1.8 ± 1.1 1.7 ± 1.0 0.740 (0.331) 1.064 (0.863–1.312) 0.561
Parity 1.3 ± 0.5 1.3 ± 0.5 0.267 (1.111) 1.030 (0.635–1.672) 0.905
Vaginal delivery 17.0% (150/883) 83.0% (733/883) 0.000 (54.495) 6.046 (3.894–9.387) 0.000
Fetal birth weight 3.4 ± 0.4 3.3 ± 0.5 0.337 (0.960) 1.236 (0.870–1.758) 0.237