Table 1.
The basic characteristics of people living with HIV in this study.
| Total PLWH (N = 181) | ART-experienced PLWH (N = 133) | ART-naive PLWH (N = 48) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, mean ± SD | 36.4 ± 11.4 | 38.5 ± 11.5 | 30.4 ± 8.6 |
| Gender (male:female) | 173:8 | 125:8 | 48:0 |
| Body mass index (kg/m2), mean ± SD | 22.4 ± 3.5 | 22.8 ± 3.5 | 21.3 ± 3.0 |
| Waist circumference (cm) | 82 ± 10.4 | 84.1 ± 10.3 | 76.1 ± 8.4 |
| Traditional risk factors of CVD | |||
| Hypertension, n (%) | 12 (6.6) | 12 (9.0) | 0 (0) |
| Diabetes, n (%) | 5 (2.8) | 5 (3.8) | 0 (0) |
| Dyslipidemia, n (%) | 20 (11.0) | 20 (15.0) | 0 (0) |
| Current smoker, n (%) | 65 (35.9) | 46 (34.6) | 19 (39.6) |
| Ex-smoker, n (%) | 15 (8.3) | 12 (9.0) | 3 (6.3) |
| Family history of CVD, n (%) | 56 (30.9) | 50 (37.6) | 6 (12.5) |
| Laboratory data | |||
| Total cholesterol (mg/dl) | 169.7 ± 36.2 | 173.7 ± 37.1 | 158.9 ± 31.2 |
| HDL cholesterol (mg/dl) | 42.1 ± 10.4 | 43.0 ± 10.2 | 39.7 ± 10.5 |
| LDL cholesterol (mg/dl) | 104.5 ± 29.3 | 106.8 ± 30.3 | 98.1 ± 25.4 |
| Triglyceride (mg/dl) | 134.8 ± 89.7 | 139.7 ± 96.1 | 121.2 ± 68.1 |
| Glucose (mg/dl) | 94.3 ± 14.8 | 95.4 ± 16.5 | 91.3 ± 7.4 |
| HbA1c (%) | 5.5 ± 0.5 | 5.6 ± 0.5 | 5.5 ± 0.5 |
| GOT (U/L) | 26.4 ± 20.2 | 26.7 ± 22.5 | 25.6 ± 11.8 |
| Uric acid (mg/dl) | 6.3 ± 1.3 | 6.2 ± 1.3 | 6.5 ± 1.2 |
| eGFR (ml/min/1.73 m2) | 94.1 ± 19.8 | 91.4 ± 19.0 | 101.9 ± 20.2 |
| Albumin–creatinine ratio, median (IQR) | 7.3 (5.2–12.1) | 8.0 (5.8–12.2) | 5.6 (3.8–9.3) |
| D-dimer (mg/L), median (IQR) | 194.5 (129.0–288.7) | 172.9 (125.1–252.1) | 274.3 (156.4–376.0) |
| hsCRP (mg/dl), median (IQR) | 1.2 (0.5–2.6) | 1.2 (0.5–2.3) | 0.9 (0.6–1.75) |
| HIV-relevant data | |||
| Years of HIV diagnosis, median (IQR) | 3 (0–6) | 4 (2–6) | 0 (0–0) |
| Months on ART, median (IQR) | 29 (2–53) | 42 (24–69) | 0 (0–0) |
| CD4 count (per mm3), mean ± SD | 485.5 ± 249.6 | 538.8 ± 244.4 | 346.3 ± 209.6 |
| CD4 count < 200/mm3, n (%) | 20 (11.0) | 9 (6.8) | 11 (22.9) |
| Viral load > 105 copies/mm3, n (%) | 11 (6.1) | 0 | 11 (22.9) |
| History of AIDS, n (%) | 74 (40.9) | 60 (45.1) | 14 (29.2) |
| Recreational drug used, n (%) | 18 (9.9) | 13 (9.8) | 5 (10.0) |
| Hepatitis B coinfection, n (%) | 18 (9.9) | 16 (12.0) | 2 (4.2) |
| Hepatitis C coinfection, n (%) | 11 (6.1) | 10 (7.5) | 1 (2.1) |
| ART types | |||
| NRTI + INSTI, n (%) | 79 (43.6) | 33 (24.8) | 46 (95.8) |
| NRTI + PI, n (%) | 50 (27.6) | 50 (37.6) | 0 |
| NRTI + NNRTI, n (%) | 51 (28.2) | 49 (36.8) | 2 (4.2) |
| INSTI + PI, n (%) | 1 (0.6) | 1 (0.8) | 0 |
| NRTI with TDF | 71 (39.2) | 69 (51.9) | 2 (4.2) |
| NRTI with TAF | 32 (17.7) | 12 (9.0) | 20 (41.7) |
| NRTI with ABC | 54 (29.8) | 28 (21.1) | 26 (54.2) |
| NRTI with AZT | 23 (12.7) | 23 (17.3) | 0 |
| Regimen with booster, n (%) | 61 (33.7) | 44 (33.1) | 17 (35.4) |
PLWH, people living with HIV; SD, standard deviation; CDV, cardiovascular diseases; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; HbA1c, hemoglobin A1c; GOT, glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; hsCRP, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein; ART, antiretroviral therapy; AIDS, acquired immunodeficiency syndrome; NRTI, nucleoside reverse-transcriptase inhibitors; NNRTI, non-nucleoside reverse-transcriptase inhibitors; PI, protease inhibitor; INSTI, integrase strand transfer inhibitor; TDF, tenofovir disoproxil fumarate; TAF, tenofovir alafenamide; ABC, abacavir; AZT, zidovudine; IQR, interquartile range.