Table 2.
Echocardiography data among people living with HIV in this study.
| Total PLWH (N = 181) | ART-experienced (N = 133) | ART-naive (N = 48) | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Conventional echocardiography | ||||
| LA diameter (mm) | 30.1 ± 5.1 | 30.6 ± 5.3 | 28.5 ± 4.3 | 0.013 |
| LVESD (mm) | 29.5 ± 4.3 | 29.8 ± 4.6 | 28.9 ± 3.1 | 0.251 |
| LVEDD (mm) | 47.7 ± 5.9 | 48.3 ± 6.0 | 46.1 ± 5.4 | 0.027 |
| LVMI (g/m2) | 66.8 ± 16.6 | 67.6 ± 16.0 | 64.6 ± 18.3 | 0.297 |
| LVEF (%) | 66.0 ± 5.5 | 66.2 ± 5.6 | 65.2 ± 5.3 | 0.296 |
| E/A | 1.3 ± 0.4 | 1.3 ± 0.4 | 1.5 ± 0.5 | <0.001 |
| E/e’ | 6.0 ± 2.0 | 6.2 ± 1.8 | 5.7 ± 2.7 | 0.201 |
| S’ (cm/s) | 14.8 ± 2.1 | 14.8 ± 2.2 | 14.9 ± 1.7 | 0.878 |
| RVSP (mmHg) | 16.9 ± 6.6 | 17.0 ± 6.9 | 16.6 ± 5.6 | 0.700 |
| RVSP > 25 mmHg (n, %) | 19 (10.5%) | 15 (11.3%) | 4 (8.3%) | 0.781 |
| Speckle-tracking echocardiography | ||||
| LVGLS (%) | −18.7 ± 2.9 | −19.0 ± 2.9 | −17.9 ± 2.8 | 0.023 |
| LV LS at endo-myocardium (%) | −20.8 ± 3.2 | −21.1 ± 3.2 | −20.0 ± 3.1 | 0.039 |
| LV LS at mid-myocardium (%) | −18.6 ± 2.9 | −18.9 ± 2.9 | −17.7 ± 2.8 | 0.022 |
| LV LS at epi-myocardium (%) | −16.6 ± 2.7 | −16.9 ± 2.7 | −15.8 ± 2.6 | 0.015 |
| RV septal LS (%) | −17.8 ± 3.7 | −17.5 ± 3.7 | −18.6 ± 3.8 | 0.079 |
| RV free-wall LS (%) | −21.0 ± 6.4 | −20.9 ± 6.9 | −21.1 ± 5.0 | 0.874 |
The p-value of < 0.05 presents the statistically significant difference between the ART-experienced and ART-naive groups. ART, anti-retroviral therapy; LA, left atrium, LVEDD; left ventricular internal diameter end diastole; LVESD, left ventricular internal diameter end systole; LVMI, left ventricle mass index; RVSP, right ventricular systolic pressure; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; LVGLS, left ventricular global longitudinal strain; LS, longitudinal strain; RV, right ventricular.