Table 2.

Measures of engagement used in microrandomized trials of mobile health (mHealth) interventions.

Source		SRa or EMAb	SUc	Sensor data	Qualitative methods	SMd	PPe
Evaluate effect of intervention components
	Aguilera et al [23], 2021		✓
	Battalio et al [24], 2021		✓	✓
	Goldstein et al [26], 2021		✓
	Klasnja et al [27], 2021		✓	✓
	Klasnja et al [28], 2019			✓
	Kramer et al [29], 2020		✓
	Latham [30], 2021f	✓	✓
	Jeganathan et al [31], 2022			✓
	Spruijt-Metz et al [33], 2022		✓	✓
	Wang et al [34], 2022			✓
	Dowling et al [35], 2022		✓
	Rodda et al [36], 2022		✓
Evaluate strategies to improve engagement
	Bell et al [22], 2020		✓
	Bidargaddi et al [37], 2018		✓
	Nahum-Shani et al [38], 2021	✓
	Nordby et al [39], 2022	✓	✓
Evaluate feasibility and acceptability of intervention
	Militello et al [40], 2022	✓	✓
	Yang et al [41], 2022		✓	✓
Describing engagement
	Hoel et al [42], 2022		✓		✓
	Valle et al [43], 2020		✓

^aSR: self-report data.

^bEMA: ecological momentary assessment.

^cSU: system usage data.

^dSM: social media data.

^ePP: psychophysiological data.

^fThis study was also designed to evaluate the feasibility and acceptability of its mHealth intervention.