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. 2023 May 22;9:e43381. doi: 10.2196/43381

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©Ying Chen, Mingming Pan, Yaling He, Xiaokang Dong, Ze Hu, Jian Hou, Yining Bao, Jing Yang, Yinghao Yuchi, Ruiying Li, Linghui Zhu, Ning Kang, Wei Liao, Shuoyi Li, Chongjian Wang, Lei Zhang. Originally published in JMIR Public Health and Surveillance (https://publichealth.jmir.org), 22.05.2023.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work, first published in JMIR Public Health and Surveillance, is properly cited. The complete bibliographic information, a link to the original publication on https://publichealth.jmir.org, as well as this copyright and license information must be included.

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Age gaps between NCDs and the accumulation of NCDs in individuals based on mean age at diagnosis. NCDs along the x-axis were in order of increasing mean age at diagnosis. The number of the connected edge reflected the OR (95% CI) of the NCD pairs. The forest plot displayed the independent and combined effects of NCDs. The dots and lines exhibited OR and 95% CI, respectively. The model reference was "no/no," which meant without 2 conditional NCDs; "yes/no" meant having the first NCD of the 2 conditional NCDs, "no/yes" meant having the second NCD, and "yes/yes" meant having both conditional NCDs. CHD: coronary heart disease; DYS: dyslipidemia; HTN: hypertension; HUA: hyperuricemia; NCD: noncommunicable disease; OR: odds ratio; STR: stroke; T2DM: type 2 diabetes mellitus.