Table V.
Associations between change in length z-score from NICU discharge to age 2 years and outcomes at age 10 years and 15 years for individuals with lower gains in length z-score (quintile 1) and individuals with higher gains in length z-score (quintile 5) compared with the referent group (quintiles 2–4)
| Outcomes | Quintile 1 vs quintiles 2–4 | Quintile 5 vs quintiles 2–4 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Unadjusted OR (95% CI) | aOR (95% CI) | Unadjusted OR (95% CI) | aOR (95% CI) | |
| Outcomes at 10 y (n = 799) | ||||
| Cognitive impairment | 1.4 (0.8–2.2) | 1.4 (0.8–2.4) | 2.3 (1.5–3.6) | 1.9 (1.1–3.1) |
| Anxiety | 0.7 (0.4–1.4) | 0.7 (0.3–1.3) | 1.3 (0.8–2.2) | 1.2 (0.7–2.1) |
| ADHD | 1.0 (0.5–1.7) | 0.9 (0.5–1.7) | 1.0 (0.6–1.7) | 0.9 (0.5–1.5) |
| Depression | 0.4 (0.2–1.1) | 0.4 (0.2–1.1) | 0.5 (0.2–1.1) | 0.5 (0.2–1.2) |
| Obesity | 0.7 (0.4–1.4) | 0.7 (0.4–1.4) | 0.8 (0.5–1.5) | 0.9 (0.5–1.7) |
| Asthma | 1.0 (0.6–1.5) | 1.0 (0.6–1.6) | 1.2 (0.8–1.8) | 1.2 (0.8–1.8) |
| Fair/poor health by parent report | 0.6 (0.2–2.2) | 0.7 (0.2–2.5) | 1.2 (0.4–3.1) | 1.0 (0.3–2.9) |
| One or more adverse outcomes* | 0.8 (0.6–1.3) | 0.8 (0.5–1.2) | 1.5 (1.0–2.3) | 1.2 (0.7–1.9) |
| Outcomes at 15 y (n = 611) | ||||
| Cognitive impairment† | 1.0 (0.5–2.1) | 1.2 (0.6–2.5) | 1.7 (1.0–3.1) | 1.3 (0.7–2.6) |
| Anxiety‡ | 0.5 (0.2–1.3) | 0.5 (0.1–1.4) | 0.8 (0.4–1.9) | 0.9 (0.4–2.2) |
| ADHD‡ | 1.9 (0.8–4.8) | 1.9 (0.7–5.1) | 1.6 (0.7–4.1) | 1.3 (0.5–3.4) |
| Depression‡ | 0.3 (0.1–1.5) | 0.3 (0.1–1.5) | 0.7 (0.3–2.1) | 0.7 (0.2–2.2) |
| Obesity§ | 1.0 (0.5–1.7) | 1.0 (0.5–1.9) | 0.5 (0.3–1.0) | 0.5 (0.2–0.9) |
| Asthma¶ | 1.2 (0.7–2.1) | 1.6 (0.9–2.9) | 1.0 (0.6–1.8) | 1.2 (0.7–2.2) |
| Fair/poor health by parent report** | 1.3 (0.8–2.2) | 1.4 (0.8–2.5) | 0.8 (0.5–1.4) | 0.8 (0.4–1.5) |
| One or more adverse outcomes* | 1.1 (0.7–1.7) | 1.3 (0.8–2.2) | 1.1 (0.7–1.8) | 0.9 (0.5–1.4) |
Bold type indicates OR significant at P < .05.
Adverse outcomes that were assessed: bilateral blindness, hearing impairment requiring amplification, cerebral palsy, asthma, obesity, epilepsy, autism spectrum disorder, cognitive impairment, ADHD, anxiety, and depression.
Adjusted for gestational age, maternal education, neonatal chronic lung disease, and neonatal ultrasound-identified white matter abnormality.
Adjusted for birth weight z-score, gestational age, maternal eligibility for Medicaid, maternal education, mother’s marital status, neonatal chronic lung disease, and neonatal ultrasound-identified white matter abnormality.
Adjusted for birth weight z-score, gestational age, maternal education, neonatal chronic lung disease, and white matter damage.
Adjusted for birth weight z-score, neonatal chronic lung disease, gestational age, public insurance, maternal education, unmarried mother, and white matter damage.
Adjusted for gestational age, maternal education, maternal Medicaid eligibility, mother marital status, neonatal chronic lung disease, and white matter damage.