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. 2023 Jun 6;20:86. doi: 10.1186/s12978-023-01627-7

Table 2.

Frequency of determinants

Traditional/historical support Frequency Contemporary disrupter Frequency
Age 96 Education 130
Religion 84 Economy/costs 69
Place of residence 81 Socioeconomic status 68
Polygyny 74 Family planning 60
Parity 70 Employment 44
Child/infant mortality 60 Status of women 34
Sex preference 60 Spousal joint decision-making 29
Children as economic resource 57 HIV/AIDS epidemic 20
Security in old age 55 Mass media 19
Value of children 54 Women’s health concerns 9
Community influence 48 Environmental factors 8
Marital stability 47 Conflict/civil unrest/violence 6
Sex of participant 43 Migration 4
Lineage/clan influence 30 Legacy of colonialism/modernity 2
Family influence 29
Ethnicity 23
Spouse influence 22