Cross-binding antibodies induced by pan-sarbecovirus vaccine in rhesus macaques. (A) Amino acid mutations in spike protein for the indicated Omicron subvariants compared with WA1. (B) Vaccination procedure. Rhesus macaques were vaccinated three times at days 0, 21, and 115, respectively. Antisera in CF501/RBD-Fc (n = 3) and Alum/RBD-Fc (n = 3) groups were collected on the indicated days. (C–J) Omicron subvariants BA.2.2 (C), BA.2.9 (D), BA.2.12.1 (E), BA.5 (F), BA.2.75 (G), BF.7 (H), BQ.1.1 (I), and XBB (J) RBD-specific binding IgG endpoint titer during days 28 to 191. Data shown are means ± SEM. Statistical analyses were performed using two-way ANOVA. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.001, ***P < 0.0001.