TABLE 2.

Associations between within‐individual and within‐family diagnoses of depression and inflammatory bowel diseases, depending on the order of diagnoses

	Exposure diagnosis	Individuals exposed during follow‐up (N)	Outcome diagnosis	Exposed individuals with outcome diagnosis (N)	HR (95% CI)	p
Within‐individual diagnoses	Prior depression	25,091	Inflammatory bowel disease	162	1.53 (1.30, 1.79)	<0.001
	Prior depression	25,174	Crohn's disease	89	1.80 (1.46, 2.23)	<0.001
	Prior depression	25,164	Ulcerative colitis	93	1.30 (1.05, 1.62)	0.015
	Prior inflammatory bowel disease	6938	Depression	184	1.45 (1.25, 1.67)	<0.001
	Prior Crohn's disease	3454	Depression	101	1.59 (1.30, 1.93)	<0.001
	Prior ulcerative colitis	4383	Depression	111	1.39 (1.15, 1.68)	0.001
Within‐family diagnoses	Parental depression	76,013	Inflammatory bowel disease	307	0.95 (0.85, 1.07)	0.457
	Parental depression	76,093	Crohn's disease	167	1.06 (0.91, 1.24)	0.44
	Parental depression	76,072	Ulcerative colitis	190	0.92 (0.79, 1.07)	0.274
	Parental inflammatory bowel disease	34,778	Depression	602	1.02 (0.94, 1.11)	0.635
	Parental Crohn's disease	13,192	Depression	260	1.19 (1.07, 1.37)	0.006
	Parental ulcerative colitis	25,354	Depression	408	0.95 (0.86, 1.05)	0.336

Note: Hazard ratios (HR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI).