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. 2023 Jun 5;23:1076. doi: 10.1186/s12889-023-15859-6

Table 6.

Effects of nominal predictors and covariates on change in cigarettes/day between baseline and 6 months: one-way ANOVA

Predictors’ category Predictors Yes (M/SD) No (M/SD) F p
Demographics Country

France:

-6.87/7.56

Switzerland:

-7.12/7.23

0.327 0.568
Sex

Male:

-8.87/8.37

Female:

-5.99/6.77

41.386 < 0.001*
Treat/Control Experiment group

Experiment:

-7.05/7.59

Control:

-6.86/7.35

0.231 0.631
Baseline Use heated tobacco -7.47/5.70 -6.95/7.51 0.324 0.572
Use nicotine medications -9.11/7.30 -6.43/7.41 28.844 < 0.001*
Being depressed -7.26/7.69 -6.50/7.10 3.560 0.059
Follow-up at 1 month Use heated tobacco -9.20/8.36 -7.04/7.41 0.032 0.859
Use nicotine medications -9.37/7.99 -6.79/7.22 102.001 < 0.001*
Current use of any smoking cessation app -7.47/7.22 -6.79/7.71 16.654 < 0.001*
Follow-up at 6 months Use heated tobacco -6.84/7.35 -6.97/7.48 0.08 0.892
Use of nicotine medications -8.26/8.02 -6.28/7.07 21.173 < 0.001*
Current use of any smoking cessation app -7.34/7.80 -6.54/7.08 3.755 0.069

M = Mean; SD = Standard deviation. Degrees of freedom 1 = 1 for all analyses; degrees of freedom 2 = 871 for all analyses. F = variance ratio; p = p-value

* = significant at p < .05 or p < .001

In this table, the negative sign (-) preceding the mean values just means “reduction”. Thus, the mean values presented in this table must be consider as “the mean of the number of cigarettes/days reduction”