Table 2.
Overview on the effect of TF in various cancers
| Cancer | Presence of TF | Result | Study |
|---|---|---|---|
| Human melanoma | TF overexpression | Overexpression of TF increased metastasis | [137] |
| Colorectal cancer | TF expression | Significant connections between TF expression and both synchronous and metachronous hepatic metastases | [138] |
| Breast cancer | TF expression | TF may have a role in neovascularization associated with tumor stroma formation and also patients with TF expression had lower survival periods than individuals without TF expression | [68, 139] |
| Hepatocellular carcinoma | TF expression | TF is a regulator of angiogenesis in HCC with VEGF also, TF plays a crucial role in the aggressiveness of HCC | [140] |
| Colorectal cancer | TF expression | Expression of TF caused cell line SW620 growth and migration | [141] |
| Non-small cell lung cancer | TF overexpression | TF staining was substantially greater in cells from NSCLC patients having metastasis than in those without metastasis based on immunohistochemical studies | [142] |
| Melanoma | TF overexpression | In a mouse model, higher levels of TF were present in metastatic melanoma cells than in nonmetastatic cells, and blocking TF receptors significantly decreased the number of melanoma cells that remained in the lung | [78] |
| Glioma | TF expressed | In this prospective cohort study, no strong association was found between TF expression levels in brain tumors and the occurrence of VTE | [125] |
| TF overexpression | There is a significant correlation between TF expression and tumor micro-vessel density, a measure of angiogenesis, suggesting that TF may play a role in glioma angiogenesis induction. As a result, TF is highly expressed in gliomas and the degree of expression is correlated with the microvascular density and histologic grade of malignancy | [126] | |
| Ovarian cancer | TF expression | A substantial correlation between TF expression in tumors and the development of VTE was found | [143] |
| Gastric Cancer | TF expression | TF expression was associated with lymph node metastases. It is hypothesized that TF expression is crucial in the metastasis of intestinal-type gastric cancer but not diffuse-type cancer | [144] |
| Retinoblastoma | TF expression | TF modulates retinoblastoma tumor angiogenesis. In the proliferative region of retinoblastoma, TF was preferentially expressed | [43] |
| Pancreatic cancer | TF overexpression | A significant correlation between elevated TF expression in pancreatic cancer specimens and symptomatic venous thromboembolism. Also, TF expression is a crucial early stage of the pancreas' malignant transformation | [136] |
| Prostate cancer | TF expression | Overexpression of TF in the majority (73%) of human prostate cancers | [145] |
| Lung carcinoma | TF expression | patients with lung carcinomas that were TF-positive had lower survival periods than individuals whose cancers were TF-negative | [146] |
TF Tissue Factor, HCC Hepatocellular Carcinoma, VEGF Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor, VTE Venous Thromboembolism