Table 5.
Association (Hazard Ratio and 95% Confidence Interval) Between Self-Reported Endodontic Treatment and Incident Venous Thromboembolism, Overall and Stratified by the Median Number of Teeth: The ARIC Study, 1996–1998 to 2011
| Variable | Events | N | Crude model | Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Endodontic treatment | ||||||
| No ET | 123 | 3,229 | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref |
| 1 ET | 41 | 1,347 | 0.77 (0.54, 1.10) | 0.85 (0.59, 1.24) | 0.87 (0.60, 1.25) | 0.86 (0.57, 1.31) |
| ≥ 2 ET | 55 | 1,824 | 0.77 (0.56, 1.06) | 0.90 (0.64, 1.26) | 0.90 (0.64, 1.27) | 0.98 (0.67, 1.43) |
| No ET and ≥ 25 Teeth | 47 | 1,471 | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref |
| 1 ET and ≥ 25 Teeth | 19 | 726 | 0.81 (0.48, 1.38) | 0.88 (0.51, 1.51) | 0.89 (0.52, 1.53) | 0.87 (0.48, 1.58) |
| ≥ 2 ET and ≥ 25 Teeth | 31 | 914 | 1.04 (0.66, 1.64) | 1.08 (0.67, 1.74) | 1.12 (0.67, 1.81) | 1.09 (0.64, 1.85) |
| No ET and ≤ 24 Teeth | 76 | 1,758 | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref |
| 1 ET and ≤ 24 Teeth | 22 | 621 | 0.77 (0.48, 1.24) | 0.86 (0.51, 1.44) | 0.88 (0.53, 1.48) | 0.92 (0.51, 1.66) |
| ≥2 ET and ≤ 24 Teeth | 24 | 910 | 0.59 (0.37, 0.93) | 0.77 (0.47, 1.27) | 0.77 (0.46, 1.27) | 0.94 (0.54, 1.64) |
| No ET and Age ≥ 77 | Ref | |||||
| 1 ET and Age ≥ 77 | 0.82 (0.39, 1.73) | |||||
| ≥2 ET and Age ≥ 77 | 0.54 (0.23, 1.28) | |||||
| No ET and Age < 77 | Ref | |||||
| 1 ET and Age < 77 | 0.95 (0.57, 1.58) | |||||
| ≥2 ET and Age < 77 | 1.18 (0.77, 1.82) | |||||
| Age (in years) | - | - | - | 1.06 (1.03, 1.08) | 1.07 (1.04, 1.10) | 1.07 (1.04, 1.10) |
| Sex (male versus female) | - | - | - | 1.19 (0.90, 1.58) | 1.28 (0.95, 1.72) | 0.98 (0.70, 1.38) |
| Race/study center | ||||||
| Whites, Minnesota | - | - | - | Ref | Ref | Ref |
| Whites, Maryland | - | - | - | 1.63 (1.09, 2.44) | 1.62 (1.08, 2.44) | 1.83 (1.17, 2.87) |
| Whites, North Carolina | - | - | - | 1.61 (1.07, 2.42) | 1.73 (1.14, 2.63) | 1.68 (1.06, 2.67) |
| Blacks, North Carolina | - | - | - | 2.21 (0.93, 5.25) | 2.09 (0.87, 5.01) | 2.43 (0.91, 6.48) |
| Blacks, Mississippi | - | - | - | 2.20 (1.41, 3.45) | 1.92 (1.20, 3.06) | 1.77 (0.98, 3.21) |
| Education | ||||||
| Some high school | - | - | - | Ref | Ref | Ref |
| High school diploma | - | - | - | 0.75 (0.51, 1.11) | 0.78 (0.53, 1.16) | 0.71 (0.45, 1.13) |
| Bachelor’s or graduate degree | - | - | - | 0.89 (0.59, 1.34) | 0.95 (0.63, 1.43) | 0.91 (0.56, 1.49) |
| Income (>$35,000) | - | - | - | 0.79 (0.57, 1.08) | 0.83 (0.61, 1.15) | 0.83 (0.58, 1.19) |
| Smoking | 1.01 (0.75, 1.37) | |||||
| Never | - | - | - | - | Ref | Ref |
| Former | - | - | - | - | 1.01 (0.75, 1.37) | 1.10 (0.78, 1.56) |
| Current | - | - | - | - | 1.09 (0.68, 1.74) | 1.23 (0.73, 2.06) |
| Alcohol consumers versus not | - | - | - | - | 1.01 (0.73, 1.40) | 0.88 (0.61, 1.27) |
| Alcohol (g/week), mean ± SD | - | - | - | - | 1.00 (1.00, 1.00) | 1.00 (1.00, 1.00) |
| BMI (Kg/M2), mean ± SD | - | - | - | - | 1.06 (1.04, 1.09) | 1.06 (1.03, 1.09) |
| Statin use versus not | - | - | - | - | 0.59 (0.34, 1.01) | 0.56 (0.30, 1.03) |
| Physical activity | ||||||
| Poor | - | - | - | - | - | Ref |
| Intermediate | - | - | - | - | - | 0.61 (0.40, 0.95) |
| Ideal | - | - | - | - | - | 0.82 (0.57, 1.181) |
| Diet | ||||||
| Poor | - | - | - | - | - | Ref |
| Intermediate | - | - | - | - | - | 1.75 (0.43, 7.14) |
| Ideal | - | - | - | - | - | 2.17 (0.53, 8.87) |
| Family history of CHD versus not | 0.89 (0.51, 1.54) | |||||
| Medical care | ||||||
| Health plan | - | - | - | - | - | Ref |
| Medicare/medicaid only | - | - | - | - | - | 0.73 (0.36 1.50) |
| None | - | - | - | - | - | 0.77 (0.33 1.80) |
| Last dental visit | ||||||
| Within last 6 months | - | - | - | - | - | Ref |
| 6 months to 2 years ago | - | - | - | - | - | 1.70 (1.19 2.44) |
| 2 to 5 years ago | - | - | - | - | - | 1.60 (0.84, 3.06 |
| More than 5 years ago | - | - | - | - | - | 0.84 (0.33, 2.15) |
| Dental visit | ||||||
| Regular basis | - | - | - | - | - | Ref |
| Discomfort/something fixed | - | - | - | - | - | 0.93 (0.58, 1.49) |
| Do not go to dentist | - | - | - | - | - | 0.49 (0.06, 3.90) |
| Have current dentist versus not | - | - | - | - | - | 0.84 (0.46, 1.51) |
| Periodontal tooth loss versus not | - | - | - | - | - | 1.17 (0.71, 1.93) |
Model 1 included age, sex, race/center, education, income. Model 2 added smoking, alcohol consumption, BMI, statin use. Model 3 added family history of premature CHD, physical activity, diet quality, medical care payment mechanism, last dental visit, dental visit frequency, having a current dentist, and periodontal tooth loss.