TABLE 1.
Statistical results between pPDs and mPDs of U‐net, U‐netTDM and analytical model for each control dataset type
| 5 Square beams | 29 IMRT S&S beams | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Metric | Model | min | mean (±SD) | max | min | mean (±SD) | max |
| γ‐index | U‐net a | 0.22 | 0.36 (±0.11) | 0.58 | 0.21 | 0.28 (±0.04) | 0.36 |
| U‐netTDM b | 0.19 | 0.31 (±0.16) | 0.63 | 0.18 | 0.24 (±0.04) | 0.35 | |
| Analytic c | 0.25 | 0.37 (±0.11) | 0.53 | 0.25 | 0.34 (±0.06) | 0.48 | |
| γ‐passing rate (%) | U‐net a | 74.77 | 92.69 (±8.21) | 97.95 | 96.64 | 98.69 (±0.96) | 100.00 |
| U‐netTDM b | 93.80 | 98.83 (±2.40) | 100.00 | 97.40 | 99.29 (±0.70) | 100.00 | |
| Analytic c | 79.59 | 96.24 (±8.20) | 100.00 | 95.58 | 98.02 (±1.23) | 100.00 | |
| Absolute error × 10−2 (Gy) | U‐net a | 0.10 | 0.76 (±0.56) | 1.68 | 0.14 | 0.29 (±0.11) | 0.61 |
| U‐netTDM b | 0.09 | 0.65 (±0.67) | 1.90 | 0.15 | 0.27 (±0.10) | 0.56 | |
| Analytic c | 0.21 | 0.63 (±0.31) | 1.02 | 0.27 | 0.43 (±0.13) | 0.80 | |
| Relative error (%) | U‐net a | 0.11 | 0.50 (±0.33) | 1.07 | 0.18 | 0.40 (±0.13) | 0.61 |
| U‐netTDM b | 0.01 | 0.52 (±0.51) | 1.47 | 0.18 | 0.38 (±0.11) | 0.58 | |
| Analytic c | 0.21 | 0.53 (±0.21) | 0.79 | 0.36 | 0.58 (±0.13) | 0.98 | |
a
U‐net without TDM layer
b
U‐net coupled with its TDM layer and fine‐tuned
c
Analytical mPI‐to‐mPD conversion model from EPIbeam system.