Table 2.
Classification of extracted criteria
| Category | Subcategory | Criteria | Model versus author |
|---|---|---|---|
| Message | General characteristics of the message | 1. Consistency of message[20,27,33,42] | Model extracted and author suggested |
| 2. Uncertainty[24,26,27,32,33,35,42] | Model extracted and author suggested | ||
| 3. Public receptivity[27] | Author suggested | ||
| 10. Transferability[35] | Model extracted | ||
| 5. Competing messages[21] | Author suggested | ||
| 8. Message construction[24] | Author suggested | ||
| 9. Message repetition[25,44] | Author suggested | ||
| 11. Information source credibility and authenticity[15,25,33,38,41] | Model extracted and author suggested | ||
| 12. Timeliness[20,26,29,35,42] | Model extracted and author suggested | ||
| 13. Adequate and accurate information[15,26,28,29,31,33,37,42] | Model extracted and author suggested | ||
| Content of message | 1. Accessibility of risk message[23,28,33,42] | Model extracted and author suggested | |
| 2. Perceived hazard characteristics[40] | Model extracted | ||
| 3. Clarity[20,22,28,33,49] | Model extracted and author suggested | ||
| 4. Understandable[22,31,35] | Model extracted | ||
| 5. Logical[22] | Author suggested | ||
| 6. Style of message[25] | Author suggested | ||
| 7. Believability[25,30,35] | Model extracted and author suggested | ||
| 8. Completeness[20,28,35] | Model extracted and author suggested | ||
| 9. Actionable message[33] | Model extracted | ||
| 10. Messages tailored to the needs of the audience[15,21,31,33,43] | Model extracted | ||
| 11. Open and transparent messages[33,42] | Model extracted and author suggested | ||
| 12. Trustworthy message[28] | Model extracted and author suggested | ||
| 13. Information sufficiency[33,35,37,38,40] | Model extracted and author suggested | ||
| Sender | Message dissemination | 1. Message sender characteristics[15,17] | Model extracted |
| 2.The use of same terminology, info graphics, or hashtags for disaster notification[15] | Model extracted | ||
| 3.The hierarchization of communication media[15] | Model extracted | ||
| 4. Identifying the person responsible for transmitting alerts[15] | Model extracted | ||
| 5.Timely dissemination of messages[15,33] | Model extracted | ||
| 6. Information publisher skills, honesty and integrity, knowledge[30,42] | Author suggested | ||
| 7. Concern and care about the community’s interest[30] | Author suggested | ||
| 8. Transparency in the dissemination of information[20,42] | Author suggested | ||
| 9. Using education and training campaigns[21,47] | Author suggested | ||
| Technology and communication channels | 1. Availability of communication channels[27,37] | Model extracted | |
| 2. Accessibility of communication channels[31] | Model extracted | ||
| 3. Technological difficulties (system getting hacked or missing the text alert)[25] | Author suggested | ||
| 4. Preparing a battery-powered communication device[23] | Author suggested | ||
| 5. Use of different communication channels[16,17,23,24,29,30,31,33,35,41,43,45] | Model extracted and author suggested | ||
| Receiver | Individual characteristics | 1. Income[24,30,31,48] | Model extracted and author suggested |
| 2. Demographic variables[23,30,31,39,40,41,46,48] | Model extracted and author suggested | ||
| 3. Level education[15,27,30,31,39,48] | Model extracted and author suggested | ||
| Motivational factors | 1. Response efficacy[44] | Author suggested | |
| 2. Awareness[16,24,33,39,46,48] | Model extracted and author suggested | ||
| 3. Self-efficacy[31,32,33,34,40,44] | Model extracted and author suggested | ||
| 4. Risk perception[24,25,29,30,31,33,36,42,44,46] | Model extracted and author suggested | ||
| Receiver characteristics | 1. Understanding of risk[16,32,33] | Model extracted | |
| 2. Trust the source of information[15,20,25,30,31] | Model extracted and author suggested | ||
| 3. Trust of communication channels[30,40] | Model extracted and author suggested | ||
| 4. Risk experience[23,29,30,31,34,36,40,41,46,48] | Model extracted and author suggested | ||
| 5. Person’s beliefs, feelings, or opinions about risk[17,23,31,41,45] | Author suggested | ||
| 6. Adaptive behavior[31,44,46] | Model extracted and author suggested | ||
| 7. Intention to prepare[24,30,36,37,38,46] | Model extracted and author suggested | ||
| 8. Intentions to comply with advice gain[25] | Model extracted | ||
| 9. Knowledge[27,29,33,34,37,39,46,48,49] | Model extracted and author suggested | ||
| 10. Predispositions[39] | Model extracted | ||
| 11. Acceptance and reception of information[30,31,35,39,46] | Model extracted and author suggested | ||
| 12. Understanding public health authorities[20] | Author suggested | ||
| 13. Communication skills and abilities[23,34,35] | Author suggested | ||
| 14. Confidence, enactment, satisfaction with the proposed solution[16] | Model extracted and author suggested | ||
| 15. Digital literacy[45] | Author suggested | ||
| 16. Attachment to property and city[46] | Author suggested | ||
| 17. Perceived responsibility of property owners and citizens[46] | Author suggested | ||
| 18. Information-seeking behavior[33,40,46] | Model extracted and author suggested | ||
| 19. Value similarity stakeholders[36] | Model extracted | ||
| 20. Decision-making and behavior change[26,31,33,37] | Model extracted and author suggested | ||
| 21. Competence and honesty[35,36] | Model extracted | ||
| Cognition factors | 1. Cognition of disaster prevention and response plan[31] | Model extracted | |
| 2. Attitude toward risks[23,25,34,39,46] | Model extracted and author suggested | ||
| 3. Cognition disaster risk[30,31,32] | Model extracted and author suggested | ||
| 4. Risk propensity[31] | Model extracted | ||
| 5. Cognitive and perceptual changes[34] | Model extracted | ||
| 6. Risk aversion[31] | Model extracted and author suggested | ||
| Psychology reaction | 1. Worry[25,31,46] | Model extracted | |
| 2. Fatalism, fear[31,36] | Model extracted | ||
| 3. Compliance[25,34,41] | Model extracted | ||
| 4. Panic, reassurance[25] | Author suggested | ||
| 5. Denial, resilience[36] | Model extracted | ||
| 6. Optimism bias[31] | Model extracted | ||
| 7. Responsibility perception[31] | Model extracted | ||
| Environment | Natural environment | 1. Observe natural phenomenon[31] | Model extracted |
| 2. Context of communication[31,35] | Model extracted | ||
| 3. Cultural and religious beliefs[21,23,24,35] | Author suggested | ||
| 4. Habits of society[35,44] | Author suggested | ||
| Social environment | 1. Behaviors of friends and neighbors[31] | Model extracted | |
| 2. Connection intensity with community[31] | Model extracted | ||
| 3. Social assistance and societal safety culture[31] | Model extracted | ||
| 4. Psychometric risk characteristics[39] | Model extracted | ||
| 5. Social attributes of stakeholders[35] | Model extracted | ||
| 6. Interpersonal communication and social dynamics[23,43] | Author suggested | ||
| Process | Communication (internal and external) | 1. Funding-financing feasibility and local economic analysis[24] | Author suggested |
| 2. Setting the schedule[17,22] | Author suggested | ||
| 3. Determining Objectives and Analysis the Audience [22] | Author suggested | ||
| 4. Identify the right way to create communication messages[22] | Author suggested | ||
| 5. Sharing information[16,23,33,35,37,47] | Model extracted and author suggested | ||
| 6. Communication with organizations and groups[16,26,32,42] | Author suggested | ||
| 7. Cooperating with participants[23] | Author suggested | ||
| 8. Empathy-based communication[23] | Author suggested | ||
| 9. Developing and implementing public education[23] | Author suggested | ||
| 10. Transparency in communication[20] | Author suggested | ||
| 11. Partnership with the media and rumor management[43] | Author suggested | ||
| 12. Active monitoring of community risk perceptions and compliance[43] | Author suggested | ||
| 13. Evacuation planning and transportation procedure[24] | Author suggested | ||
| 14. Infuse risk communication into policy decisions[42] | Author suggested | ||
| 15. Identification of at-risk groups and empowerment of the public[26] | Author suggested | ||
| 16. Evaluate the risk communication effort[22] | Author suggested | ||
| 17. Communication from non-experts[21] | Author suggested | ||
| 18. Provision information[26,33,35,47] | Model extracted and author suggested | ||
| 19. Trust among stakeholders[20,26,35,36,39,45,46] | Model extracted and author suggested | ||
| Participation and feedback | 1. Extent of participation[24,31] | Model extracted | |
| 2. Feedback[25,31,42] | Model extracted and author suggested | ||
| 3. Community participation[24,26,37,43,45,47] | Model extracted and author suggested | ||
| 4. Emotional involvement[23] | Author suggested |