Table 1.
Baseline descriptive statistics of CSWG study population by SCAI stage
| All (N=1414) |
SCAI Stage | |||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| ||||||||||||||||
| B (n=46) |
C (n=263) |
D (n=758) |
E (n=212) |
p-value | ||||||||||||
|
| ||||||||||||||||
| n | (%) | n | (%) | n | (%) | n | (%) | n | (%) | |||||||
| Non-Survivors | 431 | (30.4) | 0 | (0) | 28 | (10.7) | 250 | (33.0) | 117 | (55.2) | <0.001 | |||||
| Male | 1025 | (72.5) | 33 | (71.7) | 199 | (75.7) | 540 | (71.2) | 155 | (73.1) | 0.58 | |||||
| Shock Etiology | ||||||||||||||||
| MI | 494 | (34.9) | 2 | (4.4) | 81 | (30.8) | 244 | (32.3) | 130 | (61.32) | <0.001 | |||||
| HF | 712 | (50.4) | 40 | (87.0) | 149 | (56.7) | 432 | (57.2) | 55 | (25.9) | ||||||
| Other | 208 | (14.7) | 4 | (8.7) | 33 | (12.6) | 79 | (10.5) | 27 | (12.7) | ||||||
| # Pressors/Inotropes | <0.001 | |||||||||||||||
| 0 | 236 | (16.7) | 46 | (100.0) | 171 | (65.0) | 19 | (2.5) | 0 | (0) | ||||||
| 1 | 393 | (27.8) | 0 | (0) | 92 | (35.0) | 301 | (39.7) | 0 | (0) | ||||||
| 2+ | 650 | (46.0) | 0 | (0) | 0 | (0) | 438 | (57.8) | 212 | (100.0) | ||||||
| # Devices | <0.001 | |||||||||||||||
| 0 | 224 | (15.8) | 46 | (100.0) | 92 | (35.0) | 61 | (8.1) | 0 | (0) | ||||||
| 1 | 882 | (62.4) | 0 | (0) | 171 | (65.0) | 620 | (81.8) | 0 | (0) | ||||||
| 2 + | 308 | (21.8) | 0 | (0) | 0 | (0) | 77 | (10.2) | 212 | (100.0) | ||||||
| Type of MCS | ||||||||||||||||
| Impella | 410 | (29.0) | 0 | (0) | 38 | (14.5) | 186 | (24.5) | 137 | (64.62) | <0.001 | |||||
| ECMO | 333 | (23.6) | 0 | (0) | 12 | (4.6) | 127 | (16.8) | 154 | (72.6) | <0.001 | |||||
| IABP | 770 | (54.5) | 0 | (0) | 121 | (46.0) | 464 | (61.2) | 145 | (68.4) | <0.001 | |||||
| Race | 0.002 | |||||||||||||||
| White | 647 | (45.8) | 32 | (69.6) | 152 | (57.8) | 306 | (40.4) | 98 | (46.3) | ||||||
| Hispanic/Latino | 31 | (2.2) | 1 | (2.2) | 9 | (3.4) | 13 | (1.7) | 3 | (1.4) | ||||||
| African-American | 31 | (2.2) | 0 | (0) | 2 | (0.8) | 15 | (2.0) | 3 | (1.4) | ||||||
| Asian | 28 | (2.0) | 0 | (0) | 8 | (3.0) | 11 | (1.5) | 7 | (3.3) | ||||||
| Other | 82 | (5.8) | 13 | (28.3) | 19 | (7.2) | 44 | (5.8) | 4 | (1.9) | ||||||
| Medical History | ||||||||||||||||
| HTN | 681 | (48.2) | 12 | (26.1) | 118 | (44.9) | 380 | (50.1) | 115 | (54.3) | <0.001 | |||||
| DM2 | 489 | (34.6) | 11 | (23.9) | 87 | (33.1) | 262 | (34.6) | 89 | (42.0) | 0.06 | |||||
| Afib/Flutter | 296 | (20.9) | 14 | (30.4) | 49 | (18.6) | 168 | (22.2) | 46 | (21.7) | 0.08 | |||||
| CKD (any stage) | 323 | (22.8) | 14 | (30.4) | 64 | (24.3) | 182 | (24.0) | 34 | (16.0) | 0.24 | |||||
| PVD | 60 | (4.2) | 1 | (2.2) | 12 | (4.6) | 33 | (4.4) | 10 | (4.7) | 0.55 | |||||
| COPD | 101 | (7.1) | 6 | (13.0) | 16 | (6.1) | 56 | (7.4) | 16 | (7.6) | 0.55 | |||||
| CVA/TIA | 159 | (11.2) | 4 | (8.7) | 28 | (10.7) | 101 | (13.3) | 15 | (7.1) | 0.01 | |||||
| Valvular Disease | 214 | (15.1) | 12 | (26.1) | 51 | (24.5) | 126 | (25.8) | 19 | (15.1) | 0.09 | |||||
| PCI | 293 | (20.7) | 11 | (23.9) | 43 | (21.6) | 136 | (29.7) | 87 | (44.9) | <0.001 | |||||
| CABG | 114 | (8.1) | 3 | (6.5) | 16 | (7.3) | 64 | (11.5) | 21 | (10.5) | 0.29 | |||||
| VT | 216 | (15.3) | 11 | (23.9) | 39 | (18.5) | 107 | (20.7) | 45 | (32.6) | 0.01 | |||||
| ICD | 329 | (23.3) | 23 | (50.0) | 71 | (34.0) | 173 | (33.5) | 42 | (30.7) | 0.11 | |||||
| CRT | 97 | (6.9) | 7 | (15.2) | 13 | (6.2) | 65 | (12.6) | 10 | (7.3) | 0.03 | |||||
| n | Mean | SD | n | Mean | SD | n | Mean | SD | n | Mean | SD | n | Mean | SD | ||
|
| ||||||||||||||||
| Demographic | ||||||||||||||||
| Age | 1412 | 59.9 | (14.8) | 46 | 54.6 | 16.0 | 263 | 60.5 | 15.2 | 758 | 60.5 | 14.6 | 212 | 57.6 | 13.6 | 0.004 |
| Weight (kg) | 1138 | 85.3 | (22.6) | 46 | 87.0 | 20.2 | 231 | 87.4 | 22.2 | 589 | 83.7 | 23.6 | 155 | 86.1 | 19.9 | 0.15 |
| Metabolic | ||||||||||||||||
| AST | 788 | 459.4 | (1492.6) | 37 | 32.0 | 19.9 | 124 | 153.5 | 547.8 | 424 | 355.6 | 1168.9 | 174 | 1023.4 | 2446.2 | <0.001 |
| BUN | 1026 | 32.4 | (20.5) | 46 | 28.6 | 16.6 | 196 | 29.8 | 19.9 | 538 | 33.6 | 21.2 | 199 | 33.2 | 20.9 | 0.08 |
| Lactate | 676 | 4.4 | (4.2) | 1 | 1.4 | 0 | 62 | 4.2 | 4.0 | 401 | 3.7 | 3.8 | 165 | 5.9 | 4.9 | <0.001 |
| HCO3 | 836 | 22.1 | (5.4) | 44 | 25.7 | 3.0 | 159 | 23.8 | 4.8 | 444 | 22.0 | 5.3 | 170 | 20.0 | 5.9 | <0.001 |
| Serum Creatinine | 1295 | 1.8 | (1.1) | 46 | 1.3 | 0.4 | 248 | 1.5 | 0.8 | 739 | 1.8 | 1.2 | 203 | 1.9 | 1.1 | <0.001 |
| pH | 577 | 7.3 | (0.2) | 2 | 7.4 | 0.1 | 51 | 7.3 | 0.1 | 312 | 7.3 | 0.1 | 168 | 7.3 | 0.1 | 0.18 |
| Hemodynamic | ||||||||||||||||
| Admission EF (%) | 771 | 24.9 | (15.5) | 1 | 65.0 | 0 | 126 | 28.1 | 16.5 | 490 | 24.2 | 15.0 | 111 | 24.1 | 17.1 | 0.005 |
| RAP | 1037 | 14.2 | (6.9) | 44 | 8.8 | 6.2 | 177 | 12.9 | 6.7 | 619 | 14.3 | 6.9 | 165 | 16.2 | 6.3 | <0.001 |
| PCWP | 847 | 24.5 | (8.9) | 45 | 16.5 | 7.3 | 177 | 24.3 | 8.3 | 473 | 25.2 | 8.8 | 131 | 24.6 | 9.2 | <0.001 |
| Mean PAP | 904 | 32.8 | (9.8) | 44 | 27.0 | 11.3 | 178 | 33.3 | 9.5 | 646 | 33.5 | 9.6 | 169 | 30.8 | 9.4 | <0.001 |
| CO | 1062 | 3.8 | (2.4) | 45 | 3.8 | 0.7 | 188 | 3.5 | 1.2 | 651 | 3.8 | 2.4 | 153 | 4.4 | 3.6 | 0.003 |
| CPO | 999 | 0.6 | (0.4) | 45 | 0.6 | 0.1 | 178 | 0.6 | 0.3 | 607 | 0.6 | 0.4 | 146 | 0.7 | 0.6 | 0.44 |
| Heart Rate | 1248 | 92.0 | (22.7) | 46 | 75.2 | 12.8 | 234 | 85.9 | 19.7 | 685 | 93.8 | 22.2 | 193 | 97.3 | 24.8 | <0.001 |
| Cardiac Index | 1071 | 1.9 | (0.6) | 45 | 1.9 | 0.3 | 191 | 1.8 | 0.5 | 659 | 1.9 | 0.6 | 151 | 1.9 | 0.6 | 0.09 |
| MAP | 1230 | 74.5 | (14.7) | 46 | 71.8 | 7.5 | 250 | 80.3 | 15.7 | 724 | 74.4 | 14.3 | 205 | 67.8 | 12.9 | <0.001 |
p-values calculated using chi-sq test of independence or ANOVA as appropriate. Abbreviations: Afib: Atrial fibrillation; AST: aspartate aminotransferase; BUN: blood urea nitrogen; CABG: coronary artery bypass grafting; CKD: chronic kidney disease; COPD: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; CPO: cardiac power output; CRT: cathode-ray tube; CVA: cerebrovascular accident; HCO3: Bicarbonate; HTN: Hypertension; ICD: implantable cardioverter defibrillator; MAP: mean arterial pressure; PAP: pulmonary arterial pressure; PCI: percutaneous coronary intervention; PCWP: pulmonary capillary wedge pressure; PVD: peripheral vascular disease; RAP: right arterial pressure; TIA: transient ischemic attack; VT: ventricular tachycardia