Table 3.
Baseline characteristics of CSWG study population by congestion profile
| Congestion Profile | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| |||||||||
| Euvolemic | Left Ventricular | Right Ventricular | Biventricular | ||||||
|
| |||||||||
| N | (%) | N | (%) | N | (%) | N | (%) | p-value | |
| Mortality | 24 | (16.9) | 35 | (18.8) | 23 | (34.9) | 143 | (36.9) | <0.001 |
| Shock Etiology | 0.01 | ||||||||
| MI | 39 | (27.5) | 45 | (24.2) | 29 | (43.9) | 111 | (28.6) | |
| HF | 88 | (62.0) | 120 | (64.5) | 25 | (37.9) | 238 | (61.5) | |
| Other | 15 | (10.6) | 21 | (11.3) | 12 | (18.2) | 38 | (9.8) | |
| SCAI Stage | 0.06 | ||||||||
| B | 1 | (2.4) | 0 | (0) | 0 | (0) | 0 | (0) | |
| C | 14 | (33.3) | 29 | (43.9) | 9 | (22.0) | 75 | (35.9) | |
| D | 17 | (40.5) | 23 | (34.9) | 14 | (34.2) | 71 | (34.0) | |
| E | 10 | (23.8) | 14 | (21.2) | 18 | (43.9) | 63 | (30.1) | |
| # Pressors/Inotropes | <0.001 | ||||||||
| 0 | 40 | (29.0) | 25 | (13.6) | 7 | (10.8) | 60 | (15.9) | |
| 1 | 49 | (35.5) | 75 | (40.8) | 19 | (29.2) | 116 | (30.7) | |
| 2+ | 49 | (35.5) | 84 | (45.7) | 39 | (60.0) | 202 | (53.4) | |
| # Devices | <0.001 | ||||||||
| 0 | 64 | (45.1) | 50 | (26.9) | 10 | (15.2) | 60 | (15.5) | |
| 1 | 56 | (39.4) | 104 | (55.9) | 30 | (45.5) | 233 | (60.1) | |
| 2+ | 22 | (15.5) | 32 | (17.2) | 26 | (39.4) | 95 | (24.5) | |
| Device Type | |||||||||
| Impella | 29 | (20.4) | 48 | (25.8) | 24 | (36.4) | 116 | (30.0) | 0.06 |
| ECMO | 19 | (13.4) | 25 | (13.4) | 22 | (33.3) | 89 | (22.9) | <0.001 |
| IABP | 52 | (36.6) | 96 | (51.6) | 36 | (54.6) | 223 | (57.5) | <0.001 |
| Male | 99 | (69.7) | 141 | (75.8) | 45 | (68.2) | 267 | (68.8) | 0.35 |
| Race | 0.10 | ||||||||
| White | 79 | (71.8) | 105 | (80.8) | 38 | (84.4) | 183 | (77.2) | |
| Hispanic/Latino | 1 | (0.9) | 1 | (0.8) | 2 | (4.4) | 10 | (4.2) | |
| African-American | 4 | (3.6) | 3 | (2.3) | 1 | (2.2) | 8 | (3.4) | |
| Asian | 3 | (2.7) | 1 | (0.8) | 2 | (4.4) | 9 | (3.8) | |
| Other | 23 | (20.9) | 20 | (15.4) | 2 | (4.4) | 27 | (11.4) | |
| Medical History | |||||||||
| HTN | 59 | (43.1) | 76 | (43.7) | 32 | (50.8) | 180 | (51.9) | 0.35 |
| DM2 | 41 | (29.1) | 57 | (30.7) | 22 | (33.9) | 141 | (36.4) | 0.33 |
| Afib/Flutter | 33 | (27.1) | 51 | (33.3) | 18 | (33.3) | 123 | (40.2) | 0.07 |
| CKD (any stage) | 36 | (26.9) | 45 | (26.6) | 11 | (18.3) | 104 | (30.6) | 0.24 |
| PVD | 6 | (4.6) | 6 | (3.7) | 5 | (8.6) | 20 | (6.4) | 0.44 |
| COPD | 12 | (8.8) | 12 | (6.9) | 3 | (4.8) | 40 | (11.1) | 0.23 |
| CVA/TIA | 22 | (16.1) | 28 | (16.2) | 6 | (9.5) | 52 | (14.4) | 0.60 |
| Valvular Disease | 25 | (21.2) | 39 | (26.5) | 16 | (29.6) | 75 | (26.3) | 0.61 |
| PCI | 25 | (20.8) | 43 | (29.5) | 23 | (42.6) | 71 | (25.7) | 0.02 |
| CABG | 9 | (6.8) | 13 | (8.2) | 8 | (13.8) | 32 | (10.4) | 0.39 |
| VT | 36 | (29.5) | 41 | (26.6) | 15 | (27.8) | 71 | (23.1) | 0.54 |
| ICD | 54 | (44.3) | 77 | (50.0) | 11 | (20.0) | 116 | (37.9) | <0.001 |
| CRT | 16 | (13.1) | 18 | (11.7) | 1 | (1.8) | 36 | (11.8) | 0.14 |
| Mean | SD | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | ||
|
| |||||||||
| Demographic | |||||||||
| Age | 56.5 | 15.4 | 57.6 | 15.4 | 60.6 | 14.9 | 59.4 | 14.7 | 0.11 |
| Weight (kg) | 81.6 | 20.1 | 82.5 | 20.3 | 83.2 | 22.8 | 87.1 | 22.1 | 0.03 |
| Metabolic | |||||||||
| AST | 452.3 | 1552.6 | 340.2 | 1067.9 | 860.9 | 3070.4 | 447.0 | 1447.0 | 0.29 |
| BUN | 28.3 | 15.7 | 31.2 | 19.2 | 32.2 | 22.1 | 37.6 | 22.8 | <0.001 |
| Lactate | 3.6 | 3.3 | 3.7 | 4.5 | 5.1 | 3.4 | 4.7 | 3.4 | 0.13 |
| HCO3 | 23.7 | 4.9 | 23.9 | 5.2 | 20.0 | 5.5 | 22.2 | 5.7 | <0.001 |
| Serum Creatinine | 1.6 | 0.8 | 1.5 | 1.0 | 1.8 | 1.5 | 1.9 | 1.2 | 0.002 |
| pH | 7.3 | 0.1 | 7.4 | 0.1 | 7.3 | 0.1 | 7.3 | 0.1 | <0.001 |
| Hemodynamic | |||||||||
| EF (%) | 22.6 | 12.2 | 24.0 | 16.8 | 25.2 | 16.8 | 23.5 | 15.2 | 0.85 |
| RAP | 6.7 | 3.1 | 8.7 | 2.9 | 16.7 | 3.5 | 19.2 | 5.1 | <0.001 |
| PCWP | 13.2 | 3.9 | 25.6 | 5.3 | 15.8 | 2.4 | 29.3 | 7.4 | <0.001 |
| Mean PAP | 23.3 | 6.8 | 33.6 | 6.9 | 25.8 | 8.3 | 37.3 | 9.0 | <0.001 |
| Cardiac Output | 4.0 | 1.6 | 3.6 | 0.9 | 4.2 | 2.9 | 3.9 | 3.3 | 0.40 |
| CPO | 0.6 | 0.3 | 0.6 | 0.2 | 0.7 | 0.5 | 0.6 | 0.5 | 0.57 |
| Heart rate | 83.8 | 19.0 | 90.2 | 19.2 | 91.6 | 23.9 | 93.8 | 21.4 | <0.001 |
| Cardiac Index | 2.0 | 0.5 | 1.9 | 0.5 | 1.9 | 0.6 | 1.8 | 0.6 | <0.001 |
| Mean arterial pressure | 73.2 | 13.6 | 74.7 | 13.6 | 71.9 | 19.1 | 73.7 | 13.1 | 0.53 |
p-values calculated using chi-sq test of independence or ANOVA as appropriate. Abbreviations: Afib: Atrial fibrillation; AST: aspartate aminotransferase; BUN: blood urea nitrogen; CABG: coronary artery bypass grafting; CKD: chronic kidney disease; COPD: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; CPO: cardiac power output; CRT: cathode-ray tube; CVA: cerebrovascular accident; HCO3: Bicarbonate; HF: heart failure; HTN: Hypertension; ICD: implantable cardioverter defibrillator; MI: myocardial infarction; MAP: mean arterial pressure; PAP: pulmonary arterial pressure; PCI: percutaneous coronary intervention; PCWP: pulmonary capillary wedge pressure; PVD: peripheral vascular disease; RAP: right arterial pressure; TIA: transient ischemic attack; VT: ventricular tachycardia