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. 2021 Mar 24;4:25152564211001213. doi: 10.1177/25152564211001213

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© The Author(s) 2021

Creative Commons CC BY: This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) which permits any use, reproduction and distribution of the work without further permission provided the original work is attributed as specified on the SAGE and Open Access pages (https://us.sagepub.com/en-us/nam/open-access-at-sage).

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Figure 2. — Main protein complexes controlling mitochondria–ER contact sites (MERCs).

Important tethers and carrier proteins are grouped according to their main function. BAP-31: B-cell receptor-associated protein of 31kDa; CNX: Calnexin; CypD: Cyclophilin D; ER: Endoplasmic Reticulum; Fis1: Mitochondrial Fission 1 Protein; Grp75: glucose-regulated protein of 75kDa (or mortalin/heat shock protein 75); Grp78: glucose-regulated protein of 78 kDa; IMM: inner mitochondrial membrane; IMS: inter-membrane space; IP3R: inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor; IRE-1: inositol-requiring enzyme 1; MCU: mitochondrial calcium uniporter; MERCs: mitochondria–ER contact sites; Mfn1/2: Mitofusin 1 and 2; OMM: Outer mitochondrial membrane; ORP5-8: oxysterol-binding protein-related protein 5 and 8; P: Phosphorylation; PACS2: Phosphofurin acidic cluster sorting protein 2; PERK: Protein kinase R-like ER kinase; PINK1: PTEN-induced kinase 1; PS: phosphatidylserine; PTPIP51:protein tyrosine phosphatase interacting protein 51; VAPB: vesicle-associated membrane protein-associated protein B; VDAC: voltage-dependent anion channel.