Table 5.

Summary of various salivary biomarkers in cardiovascular diseases

Disease	Biomarkers	Sample type	Result	References
Myocardial Necrosis	C-reactive protein, Troponin 1, Myeloperoxidase, MMP-9	Serum and Saliva	Elevated in both, Significant correlation between serum and saliva observed	Foley et al. [62]
Acute Myocardial Infarction	C-reactive Protein, Creatine kinase, BNP	Serum and saliva	CRP detected significantly in serum and saliva	Miller et al [44]
Inflammation tissue injury and remodeling	C-reactive protein, Myeloperoxidase, MMP-9	Serum and Saliva	Elevated in both	Foley et al. [62]
Heart Failure Patients	NT-proBNP	Serum and saliva	No correlation found between saliva and serum, though elevated in both	Foo et al. [39]