Table 4. Effects of biologics on adverse pregnancy outcomes.
| Outcomes | No. | Univariate analysis | Multivariate analysis | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Unadjusted OR (95% CIs) | Adjusted ORa (95% CIs) | |||
| Fetal loss | ||||
| Biologics naïve group | 940 | Reference | Reference | |
| Biologics group | 257 | 0.990 (0.844–1.161) | 0.888 (0.743–1.061) | |
| Preterm delivery | ||||
| Biologics naïve group | 405 | Reference | Reference | |
| Biologics group | 134 | 1.231 (0.999–1.517) | 1.124 (0.894–1.415) | |
| Preeclampsia/eclampsia | ||||
| Biologics naïve group | 141 | Reference | Reference | |
| Biologics group | 36 | 0.924 (0.637–1.341) | 1.017 (0.679–1.524) | |
| Gestational diabetes mellitus | ||||
| Biologics naïve group | 1,323 | Reference | Reference | |
| Biologics group | 301 | 0.754 (0.649–0.876) | 0.776 (0.658–0.914) | |
| Intrauterine growth retardation | ||||
| Biologics naïve group | 88 | Reference | Reference | |
| Biologics group | 43 | 1.807 (1.247–2.620) | 1.780 (1.182–2.680) | |
| Cesarean section | ||||
| Biologics naïve group | 1,118 | Reference | Reference | |
| Biologics group | 367 | 1.297 (1.121–1.500) | 1.167 (0.994–1.370)b | |
CI = confidence interval, OR = odds ratio, FDA = Federal Drug Administration.
aAdjusted for recorded diagnosis, age, Charlson Comorbidity Index, previous long-term use of glucocorticoids, non-steroid anti-inflammatory drugs, and FDA category X drugs, previous history of infertility, and abortion.
bAdjusted for recorded diagnosis, age, Charlson Comorbidity Index, previous long-term glucocorticoid use, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, and FDA category X drugs, previous history of infertility, abortion, and cesarean section.